記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本気象学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Vertical nitrate fluxes associated with turbulent mixing and upwelling around a small reef in the Kuroshio are quantified by continuously deploying a turbulence microstructure profiler with an attached submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer while drifting from the upstream to the downstream of the reef. Flow separations and trains of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows (thickness = 60 m) are identified using a shipboard ADCP and an echo-sounder. The turbulence diffusivity associated with the vigorous turbulent mixing reaches up to O(10  m s ), resulting in strong nitrate fluxes of O(1–10  mmol m  day ). In addition, large differences between the upstream and downstream density profiles suggest a strong upwelling velocity of O(10  m s ), as well as an upwelling nitrate flux of O(10  mmol m  day ) in the entire subsurface layer. −1 2 −1 3 −2 −1 −3 −1 2 −2 −1

DOI： 10.1029/2020GL092063

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：瀬戸内海環境保全協会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To elucidate the spatio-temporal dynamics of the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi and the relationship with environmental conditions in Uwajima Bay and its adjacent waters, we conducted field observations and analyzed the data in 2018 when a bloom occurred and in 2019 when it did not occur. In 2018, cell density of K. mikimotoi increased in Uwajima Bay, and then the bloom corresponding to low salinity water expanded to a broad area of the adjacent waters, suggesting that the spatio-temporal dynamics of the species were controlled by fresh water and nutrient discharges from rivers, and by passive transport due to a surface residual current. In 2019, although vegetative cells overwintered at low density, they did not form a bloom, possibly due to the environmental conditions for their growth, a large-scale intrusion of warm water (kyucho), and the existence of competing species.

DOI： 10.2331/SUISAN.20-00055

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Many migratory fishes reproduce and recruit around the Kuroshio, and their survival of early life stages is supported by mesozooplankton. Mesozooplankton standing stocks and productivity equivalent to those on the continental shelf have been found in the Kuroshio; however, there is limited information on trophic sources and linkages to support the mesozooplankton community. Here, we evaluate mesozooplankton feeding on protists and their trophodynamics importance by removal bottle experiments in the Kuroshio of the East China (ECS-Kuroshio). Pico- and nano-autotrophs dominated chlorophyll a concentrations throughout the study sites across the continental shelf, within the Kuroshio path and in adjacent waters. Calanoid and poecilostomatoid copepods comprised more than 85% of mesozooplankton biomass. Significant mesozooplankton ingestion rates were found for nano-autotrophs based on size-fractionated chlorophyll; for haptophytes, chrysophytes, chlorophytes, and diatoms from pigment-based phytoplankton analysis; and for naked ciliates in the microzooplankton. Based on the estimates of individual carbon budgets, nano-autotrophs and naked ciliates ingested by mesozooplankton composed 39% of their food requirements, suggesting other available prey like nano-heterotrophs. These results imply that mesozooplankton ingestion in the ECS-Kuroshio has great impacts on protozoan and phytoplankton communities and their major trophic pathways are from nano-sized auto- and heterotrophs and ciliates to copepods.

DOI： 10.1111/fog.12488

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Many foraging fishes spend their vulnerable life stages with low food availability in the oligotrophic Kuroshio. Although they are likely dependent on microbial production as their energy source, there is limited knowledge of the trophodynamics of the planktonic food web in the Kuroshio of the East China Sea (ECS-Kuroshio). Here, we demonstrate energy sources and feeding impacts of microzooplankton on the phytoplankton community based on size-fractionated dilution experiments in the ECS-Kuroshio. Naked ciliates were the most predominant among micro-sized heterotrophs biomass throughout the study area. Pico- to nano-phytoplankton such as Prochlorococcus and haptophytes contributed to total chlorophyll a concentrations. The apparent growth rates in non-diluted bottles without nutrient enrichment were significantly negative for Prochlorococcus and haptophytes. Microzooplankton grazing rates were higher for nano-phytoplankton (0.17–1.45 d−1) compared with those for pico- (0.18–1.23 d−1) and micro-phytoplankton (0.06–0.92 d−1). The community grazing impacts accounted for up to 122% of primary production. These results suggest that one major pathway at lower trophic levels in the ECS-Kuroshio is from pico- and nano-phytoplankton to microzooplankton. This pathway could support energy transfer to higher trophic levels through food resources of mesozooplankton and fish larvae.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103337

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.2020.8.003

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Copernicus GmbH  

Abstract. The Kuroshio Current has been thought to be biologically
unproductive because of its oligotrophic conditions and low plankton
standing stocks. Even though vulnerable life stages of major foraging fishes
risk being entrapped by frontal eddies and meanders and encountering low
food availability, they have life cycle strategies that include growing and
recruiting around the Kuroshio Current. Here we report that phytoplankton
growth and consumption by microzooplankton are stimulated by turbulent
nitrate flux amplified by the Kuroshio Current. Oceanographic observations
demonstrate that the Kuroshio Current topographically enhances significant
turbulent mixing and nitrate influx to the euphotic zone. Graduated nutrient
enrichment experiments show that growth rates of phytoplankton and
microheterotroph communities were stimulated within the range of the
turbulent nitrate flux. Results of dilution experiments imply significant
microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. We propose that these rapid and
systematic trophodynamics enhance biological productivity in the Kuroshio.

DOI： 10.5194/bg-17-2441-2020

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：環境情報科学センター  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

© 2019, The Oceanographic Society of Japan and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. We found a good linear relation between the mean volume backscattering strength measured using a scientific echo sounder and the distribution density of moon jellyfish recorded simultaneously by an underwater video camera in small bays (Hokezu Bay and Mikame Bay) in Japan. This relation held in all of the surveys carried out in recent years (2013–2016), although the regression coefficient varied slightly from year to year due to the existence of ambient organisms. Using this relation and high-resolution echo sounder scan surveys across the bay, we obtained the spatial structures of moon jellyfish aggregations and categorized them into either patchy, layered, or wavy aggregations. We also examined possible physical mechanisms responsible for the moon jellyfish aggregations. In particular, passive particle tracking simulations of several idealized internal wave fields suggest that the formation of wavy aggregations is closely related to the presence of internal waves. However, internal waves alone cannot induce patchy and layered aggregations, indicating that particular biological processes (e.g., swimming behavior) are also necessary for such aggregations to form.

DOI： 10.1007/s10872-019-00507-8

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その他リンク： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10872-019-00507-8/fulltext.html

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

新学術領域研究課題「海洋混合学の創設」において，海洋の基礎生産を支える栄養塩供給過程のうち，硝酸塩の鉛直乱
流拡散フラックスの正確な定量化を目的として，乱流計に小型の硝酸塩センサを搭載することで，センサによる硝酸塩鉛
直乱流拡散フラックスの計測を実現した．本稿では，本計測手法の詳細と，計測誤差を考慮したデータ処理手順につい
て，実際の計測値を用いて議論を行う．

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.2019.8.008

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その他リンク： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H01860/

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

黒潮に沿ったラグランジュ的な海洋観測と標本採取を行い，トカラ海峡を通過する黒潮の上流域と下流域のプランクト
ン群集組成，現存量，生産力を比較した．トカラ海峡より黒潮下流域では表層の水温や塩分が低くなり，亜表層の栄養塩
濃度やクロロフィルa 濃度が増加した．動物プランクトン分類群組成には地点間差が見られず，いずれの地点でも微小
動物プランクトンでは無殻繊毛虫，ネット動物プランクトンではカイアシ類が優占した．ネット動物プランクトン群集の
タンパク質合成酵素活性はいずれの地点でも高く，中型～大型画分によってネット動物プランクトン生物量および生産速
度がトカラ海峡より黒潮下流域で高くなる傾向が見られた．これらの結果は，トカラ海域下流域では亜表層の栄養塩供給
や植物プランクトン増加だけでなく，ネット動物プランクトン生物量や生産速度の増加も起こることを示唆している．

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.2019.8.009

DOI： 10.5928/kaiyou.29.6_217_references_DOI_ESto038rQ1q76bGlJJ5TjUsF4Wr

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その他リンク： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K00522/

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The Kuroshio Current carries a large amount of nutrients in dark subsurface layer along the southern coast of Japan. However, due to lack of sufficient multidisciplinary high-resolution observations, it has been unclear whether and how the subsurface nutrients are injected to sunlit layers on the continental shelf. In this study, using a state-of-the-art tow-yo microstructure profiler and nitrate measurements, we show that the Kuroshio flowing on the shelfbreak induces very strong turbulent dissipation rate ∼O(10−7W·kg−1) and diffusivity ∼O(10−3 m2·s−1) over an across frontal scale of 20–30 km. This strong turbulence could provide a diffusive nitrate flux to euphotic zone of >O(1 mmol N·m−2·day−1). As the Kuroshio steadily runs on the continental shelves along the path, the nutrient injection found in this study is a very important supply for biological production on the continental margin along the southern coast of Japan.

DOI： 10.1029/2019GL082680

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文  

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan S-13 was started from FY2014, aiming to develop a coastal environmental management methodology for sustainable coastal areas. This project selected three target sea areas, namely, the coastal area of the Sanriku region, the Seto Inland Sea and the Japan Sea to verify the developed management methodology. Among the three areas, our group focused on the Japan Sea.

DOI： 10.1016/B978-0-12-813060-5.00004-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1029/2018JC014089

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

日本海は多国間に囲まれる国際的閉鎖性海域である．また，その上流域には東シナ海が位置し，対馬海峡を通じて海水や熱，して様々な物質が日本海へと運ばれている．さらに近年は，地球温暖化が日本海の海水温にも影響を及ぼしていることが報告されているほか，中国における急速な経済発展が東シナ海を通じて及ぼす影響など，様々な変化にさらされている．このような状況にある日本海において，その沿岸海域の管理を検討するため，日本海を対象とした新たな低次生態系モデルや，日本海の代表的な水産資源であるスルメイカ及びズワイガニの卵・幼生の輸送生残数値モデルを開発し，日本海の環境や生態系への，地球温暖化や東シナ海からの影響の解明に取り組んだ．その結果，日本海の沿岸域管理に関しては，従来の陸から沿岸域までをカバーする流域管理だけを考えるだけでなく，日本海全体，さらには東シナ海との関係を含めた広域的な視点も含めた管理が必要となることが明らかとなってきた．そこで，我々のグループでは“日本海三階層管理”といった，日本海沿岸域のための新たな考え方を提案した．本稿ではこれまでの研究成果と日本海三階層管理の考え方について述べる．

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.56.1_31

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

海に関わる次世代の人材を育成するためには，大学での高等海洋教育だけではなく，近年「海離れ」が深刻化している
小中高生に，海への関心を高めてもらう必要がある．そこで私たちは，養殖業生産額日本一を誇りながらも若年層の海離
れが進む愛媛県宇和島市において，地域社会と連携した体験型海洋環境教育のアクティブラーニングを実践することによ
り，楽しみながら海について考え学ぶ機会を提供することにした．この環境教育のアクティブラーニングでは，高校生が
体験型教育を通して研究者から「学び・考える」という“1段階”を行うだけではなく，高校生が小学生に対して「主体
的に教材を開発し・教える」という“2段階”を加えて実施した．この2段階の過程を通したアクティブラーニングによ
り，高校生による楽しい体験学習を通して小学生の海への関心が高められる効果と，小学生に教えるための深い学びを通して高校生の海への関心が高められる効果が確認された．また，私たちは関係各機関との連携を通して地域に根差した海洋教育に向けた人的ネットワークを構築することができた．ここで開発された教育プログラムを地域の様々な教育現場にて応用できるように，それらの解説動画をまとめた環境学習教材DVD を作成した．今後は，この教育プログラムを受講した小学生・高校生らが海洋・水産学分野に進み活躍することを期待する．

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.55.1_11

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その他リンク： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H01860/

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Monthly field surveys conducted from April to November 2009 in a tidal front in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan provided a spatial and temporal dataset for investigating seasonal variations in nutrient supply and the formation of a chlorophyll a (Chl-a) maximum. The upward diffusive flux of nutrients is estimated from observational data but it accounted for less than 5% of the nutrients needed to support the primary production of phytoplankton in the front area of the stratification region when the density difference between the surface layer and bottom layer is greater than 0.5 kg m(-3). Instead of vertical diffusion, the lateral intrusion of water with high nutrient concentration from the mixed area represented the major nutrient supply in the front area. The depth of the lateral intrusion changed with the month: the surface layer in July became the middle layer in August. According to the calculation of numerical model, an anticlockwise circulation is intensified by removing river runoff (i.e., low precipitation) in this study area, and the change of lateral intrusion is likely caused by the change of anti-clockwise circulation along with the temporal variation in river runoff. Consequently, the Chl-a peak appeared in the vicinity of the surface front (up to 3 mu g L-1) in July, but was in the subsurface (up to 9 mu g L-1) in August. Diatom species were a relatively minor taxa of the phytoplankton community up to July, although a relatively high Si(OH)(4)-Si concentration (up to 20 mu mol L-1) was confirmed. In contrast, the subsurface Chl-a maximum (SCM) in August was mainly comprised of diatoms as evidenced by the reduction of both Si(OH)(4)-Si and SUN from the surface to subsurface layer (0-20 m depth). Therefore, the supply of both nutrients and the seed population necessary for the formation of the SCM results from the tidal frontal system and phytoplankton assemblages within the tidal front system should be varied on a monthly basis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.csr.2015.10.015

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

近年，これまで沿岸域での運用が難しかった計量魚群探知機を用いた海洋生物のモニタリングが機器の小型化・低価格
化により可能となってきた．そこで本稿では，瀬戸内海における計量魚群探知機を用いた海洋生物のモニタリングについ
て解説する．具体的には，豊後水道の法華津湾におけるミズクラゲ（Aurelia aurita）の時空間分布に関する研究と豊予海
峡周辺海域におけるタチウオ（Trichiurus japonicus）の時空間分布に関する研究を紹介する．

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.53.2_165

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その他リンク： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25550014/

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPB) are bacteriochlorophyll a-containing photoheterotrophic organisms that rely on phototrophy and heterotrophy processes for energy acquisition. Here, we demonstrate the ubiquitous distribution of AAnPB in the Uwa Sea and their relatively larger cell size among members of the bacteria community. The contribution of AAnPB in terms of cell number to the total bacterial abundance ranged from 3.5 % to 7.9 %. The mean cell volume for AAnPB was 2.78 +/- A 0.72 times larger than the mean cell volume of the total bacteria. The ratio of the contribution of their biovolume to the total bacteria was estimated to be 9.7-22 %.

DOI： 10.1007/s10872-014-0267-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Oceanography Society  

DOI： 10.5670/oceanog.2014.91

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

We developed a multi-trophic level ecosystem model by coupling physical, biogeochemical-plankton and fish models. An oceanic general circulation model was coupled with a lower trophic level ecosystem model and a Japanese sardine migration model, and applied to the western North Pacific. To investigate the impact of global warming on the pelagic fish ecosystem, such as Japanese sardine, we conducted numerical experiments of growth and migration of Japanese sardine using physical fields for the present day and future with a global warming scenario simulated by a high-resolution climate model. The model results demonstrated possible impacts of global warming on the growth and migration pattern of Japanese sardine. The growths of fish in the current main spawning region under the global warming scenario were significantly slower than those under the present climate scenario. Fish in this region will be at disadvantage for their recruitment under the global warming condition. Prey conditions in the spawning region were projected not to markedly change under global warming condition while water temperature increased. As a result sardine spawning ground was projected to shift towards more north areas. During the feeding migration period in summer, geographical distribution of juveniles fish was projected to shift northwards by one to two degrees latitude under the global warming condition following the change in the distribution of optimal temperature region for feeding. However, this northwards shift of the optimal temperature for feeding was minimized adjacent to the western North Pacific by the cooler water supply by the intensification of the Oyashio.

DOI： 10.1007/s10584-012-0484-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Blackwell Publishing Ltd  

To investigate the iron cycle at Station A4 in the Oyashio region of the western subarctic Pacific, we developed a 1-D ecosystem model consisting of 14 components including the iron cycle. The parameters associated with the iron cycle were optimized by assimilating monthly averaged data from time series observations for depth-integrated net primary production, nitrate, silicate, dissolved and particulate iron within the surface mixed layer (ML) and at two depths (200 and 300 m depth). The model successfully reproduced the observations and demonstrated that (1) on an annual basis, winter mixing of subsurface water supplies more dissolved iron (Fed) to the ML than does dust dissolution, (2) Fed concentration in the ML rapidly declines to near-depletion during the peak period of the diatom bloom in spring, which results in an increasing consumption ratio of silicate to nitrogenous nutrients by diatoms as they become more iron-limited, causing a more rapid decrease of silicate compared to that of nitrogenous nutrients in the ML, followed by the silicate limitation of diatoms, and (3) Fed supplied to the ML by dust dissolution and desorption from particulate iron, by alleviating iron limitation of phytoplankton, supports their continuous utilization of nitrate from spring to fall even though Fed concentration in the ML remains low after the peak spring bloom. The model explained quantitatively the above behavior of Fed and other nutrients associated with Fed over the annual cycle in the Oyashio region. © 2012 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

DOI： 10.1029/2011JC007689

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

A two-dimensional individual-based fish movement model coupled with fish bioenergetics was developed to simulate the observed migration and growth of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the western North Pacific. In the model, derived from the observed oceanenvironmental data as the driving force, fish movement was adapted as a kinesis behavior. The model successfully simulated the observed transport patterns during the egg and larval stages and the northward migrations during the juvenile stage in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The model results showed that both temperature during the larval stage in the Kuroshio Extension and the prey availability during the early juvenile stage in the KuroshioOyashio transitional area are important factors for growth of Japanese sardine. In autumn, the observed juvenile sardine were mainly distributed in the subarctic water region off the Kuril Islands, which is an area (158165 degrees E, 4347 degrees N) with a high chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. The model reproduced the fish distribution, which has a high density in this region. The high Chl-a concentration area in autumn may contribute to increasing the survival rate of Japanese sardine by cascading up the food chain, from the high primary production, and is an important habitat for recruitment success of Japanese sardine.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00608.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We characterized the community composition of phytoplankton in the western subarctic Pacific from the pre-bloom to the decline phase of the spring bloom with special reference to decreases in the silicic acid concentration in surface waters as an index for diatom bloom development. Furthermore, responses of heterotrophic bacteria and viruses to the spring bloom were also concomitantly investigated. Under pre-bloom conditions when nutrients were abundant but the surface mixed layer depth was relatively deep, chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations were consistently low and green algae (chlorophytes and prasinophytes), cryptophytes, and diatoms were predominant in the phytoplankton assemblages as estimated by algal pigment signatures. Together with the shallowing of the mixed layer depth and the decrease in silicic acid concentration, diatoms bloomed remarkably in the Oyashio region, though the magnitude of the bloom in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition (hereafter Transition) region was relatively small. A total of 77 diatom species were identified, with the bloom-forming diatoms mainly consisting of Thalassiosira, Chaetoceros, and Fragilariopsis species. It has become evident that the carotenoid fucoxanthin can serve as a strong indicator of the diatom carbon biomass during the spring diatom bloom. Differences in the species richness of diatoms among stations generally enabled us to separate the Oyashio bloom stations from the Transition and the Oyashio pre-bloom stations. Relatively high values of the Shannon-Wiener index for the diatom species were also maintained during the Oyashio bloom, indicating that a wide variety of species then shared dominance. In the decline phase of the Oyashio bloom when surface nutrient concentrations decreased, senescent diatom cells increased, as inferred from the levels of chlorophyllide a. Although the cell density of heterotrophic bacteria changed little with the development of the diatom bloom, viral abundance increased toward the end of the bloom, suggesting an increased likelihood of mortality among organisms including diatoms resulting from viral infection. This is the first report on the microbial trophodynamics, including viruses, during the spring diatom bloom in the western subarctic Pacific. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.03.003

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Hindcast experiment with an eddy-permitting ocean ecosystem model was performed in order to investigate the process of nutrient supply into the euphotic zone by vertical and horizontal fluxes with multiple time scales. The model reasonably reproduced the basin-scale spatial pattern of biological production and its seasonal cycles with eddy fields, statistically consistent with those observed in the satellite images. The model results illustrated the nutrient cycle in the euphotic zone with mesoscale eddies, in which the vertical advection with mesoscale spatial variation and convection with relatively large spatial variation supply nutrients into the euphotic zone, and the horizontal advection redistributes them within the euphotic zone, thereby fueling biological production. The vertical advection associated with mean flow supplies a substantial part of nutrients from the aphotic zone, and contributions from time-varied vertical fluxes are limited within the tropical region and regions where strong meandering currents exist. Horizontal advection due to seasonal and eddy fluctuations plays an important role in the redistribution process, in addition to that effected by temporal-mean advection. The relative importance of these fluctuations strongly depends on the horizontal scales of vertical nutrient supply, in contrast to the relatively small effects eddy fields have on heat or fresh-water transport in the global ocean. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.07.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The Oyashio region in the western North Pacific supports high biological productivity and has been well monitored. We applied the NEMURO (North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography) model to simulate the nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton dynamics. Determination of parameters values is very important, yet ad hoc calibration methods are often used. We used the automatic calibration software PEST (model-independent Parameter ESTimation), which has been used previously with NEMURO but in a system without ontogenetic vertical migration of the large zooplankton functional group. Determining the performance of PEST with vertical migration, and obtaining a set of realistic parameter values for the Oyashio, will likely be useful in future applications of NEMURO. Five identical twin simulation experiments were performed with the one-box version of NEMURO. The experiments differed in whether monthly snapshot or averaged state variables were used, in whether state variables were model functional groups or were aggregated (total phytoplankton, small plus large zooplankton), and in whether vertical migration of large zooplankton was included or not. We then applied NEMURO to monthly climatological field data covering 1 year for the Oyashio, and compared model fits and parameter values between PEST-determined estimates and values used in previous applications to the Oyashio region that relied on ad hoc calibration. We substituted the PEST and ad hoc calibrated parameter values into a 3-D version of NEMURO for the western North Pacific, and compared the two sets of spatial maps of chlorophyll-a with satellite-derived data. The identical twin experiments demonstrated that PEST could recover the known model parameter values when vertical migration was included, and that over-fitting can occur as a result of slight differences in the values of the state variables. PEST recovered known parameter values when using monthly snapshots of aggregated state variables, but estimated a different set of parameters with monthly averaged values. Both sets of parameters resulted in good fits of the model to the simulated data. Disaggregating the variables provided to PEST into functional groups did not solve the over-fitting problem, and including vertical migration seemed to amplify the problem. When we used the climatological field data, simulated values with PEST-estimated parameters were closer to these field data than with the previously determined ad hoc set of parameter values. When these same PEST and ad hoc sets of parameter values were substituted into 3-D-NEMURO (without vertical migration), the PEST-estimated parameter values generated spatial maps that were similar to the satellite data for the Kuroshio Extension during January and March and for the subarctic ocean from May to November. With non-linear problems, such as vertical migration, PEST should be used with caution because parameter estimates can be sensitive to how the data are prepared and to the values used for the searching parameters of PEST. We recommend the usage of PEST, or other parameter optimization methods, to generate first-order parameter estimates for simulating specific systems and for insertion into 2-D and 3-D models. The parameter estimates that are generated are useful, and the inconsistencies between simulated values and the available field data provide valuable information on model behavior and the dynamics of the ecosystem. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.08.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

During the SERIES iron-enrichment experiment in the eastern subarctic Pacific, after addition of iron and its subsequent depletion, the Si:N drawdown ratio increased at approximately the time that diatoms became iron limited. Laboratory studies have reported that this results from a decrease in the rate of N uptake together with a more moderate decrease in the rate of Si uptake for iron-limited cultures compared to iron-replete cultures. However, for SERIES Boyd et al. (Limnol. Oceanogr. 50 (2005)) reported an unexplained increase in the rate of Si uptake at the onset of iron limitation and suggested that studies of nutrient uptake kinetics should be undertaken in search of an explanation. We compare the classic Michealis-Menten (MM) kinetics to the recently developed optimal uptake (OU) kinetics (the SPONGE: Smith and Yamanaka. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52 (2007)) within a variable-composition model, which employs cell quotas for each relevant nutrient, applied to the multielement (C, N, Si, Fe) dynamics during SERIES. Using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain, we fit two versions of the model (differing only in the equations for nutrient uptake) to the available data for nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll, biogenic silica and particulate organic carbon and specific growth rates.
With either uptake kinetics, the model reproduces observed concentrations well for nutrients and somewhat less well for chlorophyll. The different uptake kinetics yield greater differences in modeled elemental composition of phytoplankton and biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton, which are not directly constrained by data. MM kinetics cannot reproduce the observed increase in Si uptake rate as a function of the decreasing trend in concentration of silicic acid, and it predicts Si limitation throughout nearly all of the experiment after iron-fertilization. In contrast, OU kinetics reproduces the increase in Si uptake rate and matches the observation-based estimate for the timing of the return to iron limitation. The key assumption of the SPONGE, that uptake rates of all nutrients depend on physiological acclimation by phytoplankton as a function of the ambient concentration of the growth-limiting nutrient, was originally formulated for modeling chemostat experiments. We show that it also agrees with the observations from this field experiment and provides an explanation for the increases in Si uptake rate and Si:N drawdown ratio. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.09.009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INTER-RESEARCH  

Variations in photosynthetic parameters of phytoplankton during the spring bloom were investigated in the western subarctic Pacific. Light-saturated maximum photosynthesis rate (P-max(B)) and light-limited slope (alpha(B)) in the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curve were almost constant in the first half of the bloom and then concurrently increased by 5 times in the latter half with a constant light-saturation index (E-k = p(max)(B)/alpha(B)). In contrast, the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (F-v/F-m) of the algal photosystem II increased in the first half and thereafter decreased. Water temperature significantly affected the covariation in P-max(B) and alpha(B) (i.e. E-k-independent variability), suggesting that dark reaction processes in photosynthesis mainly regulated the changes in the P-E parameters. Although influences of nitrate, silicic acid, and dissolved iron on the P-E parameters were not observed, the elevated ammonium levels found in the latter half of the bloom could contribute to the E-k-independent variability. There was no significant relationship among algal net growth rate, P-max(B), and alpha(B) throughout the observations. Since most ecosystem models have used a constant alpha(B), parallel changes in P-max(B) and alpha(B) should be taken into account in models reproducing ecosystem dynamics during spring diatom blooms.

DOI： 10.3354/meps08329

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

mesoscale iron-enrichment study (SEEDS II) was carried out in the western subarctic Pacific in the summer of 2004. The iron patch was traced for 26 days, which included observations of the development and the decline of the bloom by mapping with sulfur hexafluoride. The experiment was conducted at almost the same location and the same season as SEEDS (previous iron-enrichment experiment). However, the results were very different between SEEDS and SEEDS II. A high accumulation of phytoplankton biomass (similar to 18 mg chl m(-3)) was characteristic of SEEDS. In contrast, in SEEDS II, the surface chlorophyll-a accumulation was lower, 0.8 to 2.48 mg m(-3), with no prominent diatom bloom. Photosynthetic competence in terms of F-v/F-m for the total phytoplankton community in the surface waters increased after the iron enrichments and returned to the ambient level by day 20. These results suggest that the photosynthetic physiology of the phytoplankton assemblage was improved by the iron enrichments and returned to an iron-stressed condition during the declining phase of the bloom. Pico-phytoplankton (< 2 mu m) became dominant in the chlorophyll-a size distribution after the bloom. We observed a nitrate drawdown of 3.8 mu M in the patch (day 21), but there was no difference in silicic acid concentration between inside and outside the patch. Mesozooplankton (copepod) biomass was three to five times higher during the bloom-development phase in SEEDS II than in SEEDS. The copepod biomass increased exponentially. The grazing rate estimation indicates that the copepod grazing prevented the formation of an extensive diatom bloom, which was observed in SEEDS, and led to the change to a pico-phytoplankton dominated community towards the end of the experiment.

DOI： 10.1007/s10872-007-0082-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The PICES CCCC (North Pacific Marine Science Organization, Climate Change and Carrying Capacity program) MODEL Task Team achieved a consensus on the structure of a prototype lower trophic level ecosystem model for the North Pacific Ocean, and named it the North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography, "NEMURO". Through an extensive dialog between modelers, plankton biologists and oceanographers, an extensive review was conducted to define NEMURO's process equations and their parameter values for distinct geographic regions. We present in this paper the formulation, structure and governing equations of NEMURO as well as examples to illustrate its behavior. NEMURO has eleven state variables: nitrate, ammonium, small and large phytoplankton biomass, small, large and predatory zooplankton biomass, particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen, particulate silica, and silicic acid concentration. Several applications reported in this issue of Ecological Modelling have successfully used NEMURO, and an extension that includes fish as an additional state variable. Applications include studies of the biogeochemistry of the North Pacific, and variations of its ecosystem's lower trophic levels and two target fish species at regional and basin-scale levels, and on time scales from seasonal to interdecadal. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.08.021

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We investigated the parameter sensitivity of the NEMURO ecosystem model calibrated to field at two typical Stations (A7 and P) in the subarctic North Pacific. The NEMURO model follows various forms of nitrogen and silicon, and the daily biomasses of two phytoplankton and three zooplankton groups for multiple years. Previously calibrated versions to data at two stations provided the basis for comparing parameter sensitivities under different environmental and biological conditions. Four sensitivity analysis experiments were performed involving 72 parameters: 3 experiments used Monte Carlo methods and 1 experiment used a 1-parameter-at-a-time approach. Normalized sensitivities and correlation were used as sensitivity measures for comparison among the four experiments. Monte Carlo and one-parameter-at-a-time methods that used relatively small variations in parameter values (less than or equal to +/- 10%) yielded very similar rankings of the top five parameters. Parameter rankings from the Monte Carlo analysis that used relatively large variation in parameters (-50% to +100%) differed slightly from the rankings obtained with the small variations. Additional examination of the 10% results showed that parameters deemed important differed among prognostic variables and differed between Stations A7 and P. For example, annual small phytoplankton biomass was most sensitive to the maximum grazing rate of small zooplankton at both stations, while large phytoplankton biomass was most sensitive to its own maximum photosynthetic rate parameter. While at Station A7 large phytoplankton was sensitive to zooplankton parameters, at Station P it was more sensitive to phytoplankton parameters. A few of certain phytoplankton parameters were consistently important in all sensitivity experiments. Despite sometimes complex relationships between prognostic variables and parameters, our analyses showed that the NEMURO model was generally well-behaved and was robust to parameter variation and to the method used for the sensitivity analysis. Extensions of our analysis could involve computing the sensitivity measure over time through the year, and the use other types of prognostic variables than biomass such as the timing of the phytoplankton bloom. Sensitivity analyses, such as those performed here, are useful tools for applying the NEMURO to other locations and for helping to interpret and diagnose existing NEMURO applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.043

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Numerical modeling experiments were conducted to examine the reasons for observed changes in the silicic acid ([Si(OH)(4)]) to nitrate ([NO(3)(-)]) drawdown ratio after the onset of algal iron stress during SERIES. During phytoplankton blooms and immediately after them, cells encounter a range of iron stress (between iron-replete and iron-deplete) and therefore show a range of growth rates. For these reasons, the potential influence of phytoplankton growth rate, under conditions of algal iron stress, on silicic acid and nitrate depletion were investigated in numerical experiments by altering the timing of a shift in the [Si(OH)(4)]:[NO(3)(-)] uptake ratio. These simulations suggested that the continued growth of iron-stressed phytoplankton at sub-maximum rates, with an elevated [Si(OH())]:[NO(3)(-)] uptake ratio, induced depletion of silicic acid in the surface water and resulted in simultaneous limitation of growth by both iron and silicic-acid supply. Therefore, bottom-up control played an important role in terminating the phytoplankton bloom in SERIES. In the model simulations, the enhancement of diatom silicification due to increased rates of biomass-normalized silicic-acid uptake, led to increases in the export flux of opal after the onset of algal iron-stress and, consequently, it stimulated the silica pump. The regulation of both the [Si(OH)(4)]:[NO(3)(-)] uptake ratio and the growth rate of phytoplankton by iron supply are important factors that determine the relative consumption of silicic acid and nitrate upon iron stress, although the potential influence of a floristic shift in the diatom assemblage cannot be ruled out. These findings offer insights into the impact of iron fertilization, both artificial and natural, on the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll waters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.027

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Two processes are generally explained as causes of temporal changes in the stoichiometric silicon/nitrogen (Si/N) ratios of sinking particles and of nutrient consumption in the surface water during the spring diatom bloom: (1) physiological changes of diatom under the stress of photosynthesis of diatom and (2) differences of regeneration between silicon and nitrogen. We investigated which process plays an important role in these changes using a one-dimensional ecosystem model that explicitly represents diatom and the other non-siliceous phytoplankton. The model was applied to station A7 (41 degrees 30'N, 145 degrees 30'E) in the western North Pacific, where diatom regularly blooms in spring. Model simulations show that the SUN ratios of the flux exported by the sinking particles at 100 m depth and of nutrient consumptions in the upper 100 m surface water have their maxima at the end of the spring diatom bloom, the values and timings of which are significantly different from each other. Analyses of the model results show that the differences of regeneration between silicon and nitrogen mainly cause the temporal changes of the SUN ratios. On the other hand, the physiological changes of diatoms under stress can hardly cause these temporal changes, because the effect of the change in the diatom's uptake ratio of silicon to nitrogen is cancelled by that in its sinking rate.

DOI： 10.1007/s10872-006-0022-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

To fill temporal gaps in iron-enrichment experimental data and gain further understanding of marine ecosystem responses to iron enrichments, we apply a fifteen-compartment ecosystem model to three iron-enrichment sites, namely SEEDS (the Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study; 48.5 degrees N, 165 degrees E) in the western North Pacific, SOIREE (the Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment; 61 degrees S, 140 degrees E) in the Southern Ocean, and IronExII (the second mesoscale iron enrichment experiment; 3.5 degrees S, 104 degrees W) in the Equatorial Pacific. The ecological effects of iron in the model are represented by changing two photosynthetic parameters during the iron-enrichment period. The model results successfully reproduce the observed biogeochemical responses inside and outside the iron patch at each site, such as rapid increases in plankton biomass and biological productivity, and decreases in surface nutrients and pCO(2), inside the patch. However, the modeled timing and magnitude of changes differ among the sites because of differences in both physical environments and plankton species. After the iron enrichment, the diatom productivity is strongly controlled by light at SOIREE and by silicate at IronExII and SEEDS. Light limitation due to self-shading by the phytoplankton is significant during the bloom at all sites. Sensitivity analysis of the model results to duration of the iron enrichment reveals that long-term multiple infusions over more than a week would not be effective at SEEDS because of strong silicate limitation on diatom growth. Sensitivity of the model to water temperature shows that export production is higher at lower temperatures, because of slower recycling of particulate organic carbon. Therefore, the e-ratio (the ratio of export production to primary production) is inversely correlated with temperature, and the relationship can be described with a linear function. Through this study, we conclude that ecosystem modeling is a powerful tool to help design future iron-enrichment experiments and observational plans. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.02.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We have developed a one-dimensional ecosystem model considering explicitly two groups of diatoms: centric and pennate. The model was applied to the iron-enrichment experiment, SEEDS (Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study) in the western North Pacific (48.5 degrees N, 165 degrees E). We assumed that the permate diatoms are not stressed by the iron limitation, but that the centric diatoms are significantly stressed and their photosynthetic rate is high when released from iron limitation. The iron-enrichment experiment was conducted by changing the physiological parameters for diatoms (the initial slope of the photosynthetic rate and the potential maximum photosynthetic rate). The model successfully reproduced the time-series of CO2 fugacity and the vertical distributions of chlorophyll-a and nutrients observed in SEEDS. The simulated results in the two-group model, especially the starting time of the diatom bloom, are better than those in the one-group model. We find that it is the transition of dominance, from permate to centric diatoms, rather than a physiological response of each group that causes the lag between iron-enrichment and the diatom bloom. In the simulations, the added iron's effect on the ecosystem continues for about 40 days. The model results suggest that the export flux during the observation period is only about 20% of the total export flux generated by iron-enrichment. For SEEDS, our simulated uptake of atmospheric CO2 and the export of particulate organic carbon at 100 m depth are 0.57 and 1.29 mol C m(-2), respectively, which are converted to 1720 and 3880 tC by assuming the patch's area to be 250 km(2), and to 4.90 and 11.1 tC kg(-1) Fe with the addition of 350 kg of iron. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.02.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

A model based on that of Kishi et al. (2001) has been extended to 15 compartments including silicon and carbon cycles. This model was applied to Station A7 off Hokkaido, Japan, in the Northwestern Pacific. The model successfully simulated the observations of: 1. a spring bloom of diatoms; 2. large seasonal variations of nitrate and silicate concentrations in the surface water; and 3. large inter-annual variations in chlorophyll-a. It also reproduced the observed features of the seasonal variations of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO(2))-a peak in pCO(2) in winter resulting from deep winter convection, a rapid decrease in pCO(2) as a result of the spring bloom, and an almost constant pCO(2) from summer through fall (when the effect of increasing temperature cancels the effect of biological production). A comparison of cases with and without silicate limitation shows that including silicate limitation in the model results in: 1. decreased production by diatoms during summer; and 2. a transition in the dominant phytoplankton species, from diatoms to other species that do not take up silicate. Both of these phenomena are observed at Station A7, and our results support the hypothesis that they are caused by silicate limitation of diatom growth.

DOI： 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038329.91976.7d

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

A one-dimensional ecosystem model has been used to investigate the processes relevant to the spring diatom bloom which play important roles in the biogeochemical cycle in the western subarctic Pacific. The model represents the plankton dynamics and the nutrient cycles in the spring diatom bloom; its results show the importance of dilution by deep mixing in winter. It is supposed that the vertically integrated biomass of phytoplankton decreases in the winter due to the decrease of photosynthesis, because the deep mixing transports phytoplankton to a layer with a low light level. However, the observed integrated diatom biomass increases as the mixed layer deepens. This is because the decrease of concentration due to dilution by mixing causes the diatom grazed pressure to be less significant than diatom photosynthesis. In other words, the effect of dilution on the grazed rate is more significant than the effect on the photosynthesis rate because the grazed rate depends on the concentrations of both diatom and grazer, whereas the photosynthesis rate depends only diatom concentration. The average specific diatom grazed rate, defined as grazed rate divided by diatom biomass, decreases by 35% associated with the deepening, while the average specific photosynthesis rate of diatom decreases by 11%. As a result, the average specific net diatom growth rate during the deep mixing is about 70% of its maximum during the spring diatom bloom. The deep mixing significantly affects the amplitude of the spring diatom bloom not only by the supply of nutrients but also by the dilution which drastically decreases the grazed pressure.

DOI： 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000009586.02554.d3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

C-13 uptake experiments were carried out at a station off the pleat coast of Hokkaido Island, Japan, during the period between late winter and spring bloom in 1997. The composition of newly biosynthesized particulate fatty acids was determined using a C-13 tracer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (C-13 GC/MS), and compared with that of particulate matter (seston). Two fatty acid compositional ratios revealed that diatoms biomass (16:1(n-7)/16:0, Sigma C-16/Sigma C-18) were strikingly high in new cells compared with seston on 17 April, coinciding with the dominance of fucoxanthin. In this study, the Polyunsaturation Index (a measure of the percentage of C-16 fatty acids that are polyunsaturated) in new cells is generally close to that in seston, while there was a notable discrepancy between new cells and seston in surface (10 m) waters on 17 April. This large difference between new cells and seston is ascribed to: (1) an increase of newly synthesized storage lipids (mainly 16:0 and 16:1) induced by nitrogen limitation in the top 10 m of the water column; (2) an addition of earlier synthesized phytoplankton cells (high Polyunsaturation Index at logarithmic growth stage) and non-phytoplankton components (detritus and bacteria and zooplankton) into seston. The highest Polyunsaturation Index of C-16 fatty acids in seston (33%) occurred at 100 m water depth. This may be caused by "settling planktonic aggregates" or "diatom resting spores". In the present study, it is reasonable to suggest that the Polyunsaturation Index of C-16 fatty acids can be a useful indicator for the ecophysiological state of marine diatom populations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00030-X

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：機関テクニカルレポート，技術報告書，プレプリント等  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（大学，研究機関紀要）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：機関テクニカルレポート，技術報告書，プレプリント等  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：機関テクニカルレポート，技術報告書，プレプリント等  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本海洋学会 沿岸海洋研究会  

DOI： 10.32142/engankaiyo.53.2_115

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本気象学会  

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本水産学会  

DOI： 10.2331/suisan.77.1119

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：機関テクニカルレポート，技術報告書，プレプリント等  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：海洋出版  

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：機関テクニカルレポート，技術報告書，プレプリント等  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap

記述言語：日本語  

researchmap

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

researchmap