Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/tdei.2023.3235656

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

DOI： 10.1021/acsaom.3c00093

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.143.123

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/tdei.2022.3168375

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/tdei.2022.3216842

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

Pollution of water from chemical substances is globally on going. For the limitation of further expansion of the aquatic contaminations, the development of a new pollution prevention technique is expected. Discharge plasma is one of the ways to break down harmful organic compounds. We have proposed the use of electrospray for a discharge plasma treatment to gain the surface area of water. To determine the optimal configuration, we have developed an electrospray simulation using the finite element method. The characteristics of the electrospray in one- or two-electrode systems are discussed.

DOI： 10.1109/ICPADM49635.2021.9493999

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：John Wiley and Sons Inc  

Pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) space charge measurement of low-density polyethylene using a spin-coated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) thin film is demonstrated. The space charge profile of a low-density polyethylene film with a thickness of 150 μm is measured by PEA method. Compared with conventional 9 and 30-μm piezoelectric films, the space charge profile obtained by the 3-μm spin-coated film shows better spatial resolution. Furthermore, acoustic attenuation of a PEA signal is also analytically studied using the Kelvin-Voigt model for viscoelastic materials.

DOI： 10.1002/ecj.12292

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

Pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) space charge measurement of low density polyethylene using a spin-coated Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) thin film is demonstrated. The space charge profile of a low density polyethylene film with a thickness of 150 μm is measured by PEA method. Compared with conventional 9-μm and 30-μm piezoelectric films, the space charge profile obtained by the 3-μm spin-coated film shows better spatial resolution. Furthermore, acoustic attenuation of a PEA signal is also analytically studied using the Kelvin-Voigt model for viscoelastic materials.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.140.439

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

DOI： 10.1364/osac.2.003554

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Other Link： https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?URI=osac-2-12-3554&seq=0

Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

Pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) space charge measurements using a spin-coated Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethvlene) P (VDF-TrFE) thin film are demonstrated. The thickness of the P(VDF-TrFE) thin fihn is determmed by a reflection mterference method. The piezoelectric properties of the P (VDF-TrFE) film such as polarization hysteresis curve, residual polarization and coercive electric field are measured using a Sawyer-Tower circuit. The acoustic signals detected by 3-, 9-, and 30-jim piezoelectric films show strong tlnckness dependence, and the anti-resonance frequencies of the three films are evaluated by fast Fourier transform analysis. The space charge profiles on a 125-^im polyimide film surface are measured by PEA method. Hie space charge profile obtained by the 3-jim P (VDF-TrFE) film shows better spatial resolution compared with the results obtamed other films.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejeiss.139.1134

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Japan Society of Applied Physics  

Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes are attracting extensive attention due to their high emission properties in the visible region. Oxygen sensitive photoluminescence (PL) emissions from single- and multi-layered Ir(III) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are measured. The single-layered LB film on a non-aluminum coated glass substrate shows oxygen sensitive PL emission but its intensity is very weak. In contrast, the multi-layered LB film shows higher intensity but their oxygen sensitivity is lower than that of the single-layered sample. To break the trade-off between intensity and sensitivity, PL characteristics from the LB film on an aluminum-coated glass substrate are investigated. The PL emission from the LB film on the metal layer show higher intensity and good oxygen sensitivity. The mechanism of the emission enhancement is also discussed in this paper.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.57.03EG03

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Japan Society of Applied Physics  

The repetitive current spikes caused by possible fast carrier transport through a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet under high DC fields from 0.1 to 2.0 MV/cm are simultaneously measured with space charge distributions. Although a constant dc voltage is applied to the sheet between a semi-conduction (SC) electrode and an Al-evaporated electrode, large current spikes of the order of 10-8 A are repeatedly superimposed onto the dc conduction current of the order of 10-10 A. Results of the space charge measurements indicate that the charge injection from the SC anode and the subsequent deep penetration into the LDPE bulk can be observed when the current spikes are repeatedly detected. In addition, we find that a phenolic antioxidant added into the LDPE has an inhibition effect not only on the space charge penetration but also on the repetitive current spikes. This finding suggests that the antioxidant additive produces a deep trapping site for fast-moving carriers.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.57.03EG08

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Physics  

The optical properties of the full-pitch band of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) are theoretically studied. To investigate the FLC stopband under an electric field, the molecular orientation of the FLC is calculated using Frank’s continuum theory, and then the transmission spectra are calculated by Berreman’s 4×4 matrix method. The calculations show that the bandwidth of the full-pitch band of the FLC can be controlled by varying the electric field and incident angle.

DOI： 10.7567/APEX.10.081601

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Physics  

The optical properties of the full-pitch band of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) are theoretically studied. To investigate the FLC stopband under an electric field, the molecular orientation of the FLC is calculated using Frank’s continuum theory, and then the transmission spectra are calculated by Berreman’s 4×4 matrix method. The calculations show that the bandwidth of the full-pitch band of the FLC can be controlled by varying the electric field and incident angle.

DOI： 10.7567/APEX.10.081601

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MYU, SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING DIVISION  

Generally, space charge formation in dielectrics subjected to DC voltage results in the enhancement of a conduction current called space-charge-limited current (SCLC). In this study, we find an interesting phenomenon that the conduction current for a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet does not increase with increasing applied voltage even though a large number of space charges are accumulated in its bulk. Simultaneous measurements of the conduction current and space charge distribution are carried out for a 150-gm-thick additive-free LDPE between a semiconduction anode and an aluminum-evaporated cathode. Under a low applied field of below 0.6 MV/cm, the current is proportional to the square of the applied field because the maximum field strength in LDPE becomes higher than the mean applied field strength due to space charge formation in the LDPE bulk. Both the space charge distributions and the corresponding field distributions obtained by the simultaneous measurement roughly agree with the theoretical distributions based on the SCLC model. By increasing the applied field, however, the steady-state current saturates although a large number of positive space charges are accumulated in the LDPE bulk. We confirm that the steady-state current is restricted when a large number of frozen positive charges in front of the cathode are formed causing the strong field enhancement at a limited local thin area. These results imply that the carrier mobility at the local thin area was reduced by the excess field enhancement.

DOI： 10.18494/SAM.2017.1541

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society for Composite Materials  

Resistance variation and Joule heating of carbon fiber reinforced plastic after applying a large electric current pulse are investigated. The current has a pulse width of several microseconds and the typical peak value is 2 kA. A double-digit decrease in resistance of a cross-ply laminate is observed after applying the kA current pulse. The decrease in resistance of the cross-ply laminate can be controlled by varying the charge voltage in the pulse generator circuit. In the case of DC current Joule heating, the direction of heat conduction at the surface is parallel to the fiber direction of the cross-ply laminate. However, the kA current pulse locally heats in the vicinity of the electrode and the thermal profile is different from the DC current.

DOI： 10.6089/jscm.42.228

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

An improved interference method is proposed to determine ordinary and extraordinary refractive index dispersions of nematic liquid crystals (LCs). In this method, an LC cell coated with a thin metal layer is used as a Fabry-Perot interferometer, which shows us a sharp transmission fringe. To ensure high reliability, the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the metal is taken into account in fitting calculation. In spite of measuring ordinary and extraordinary components, the LC cell, polarizers, and other equipment are not rotated during the experiment. The index evaluation from a single spectrum avoids errors depending on the measurement position owing to non-uniformities of molecular orientation and cell thickness because we can obtain the two indices at exactly the same position. This system can adapt to a wide frequency range and does not require any specific wavelength light source or laser. We demonstrate the determination of ordinary and extraordinary refractive index dispersions of a nematic liquid crystal in the visible and near-infrared regions. Furthermore, we quantitatively reproduce the measured spectrum by calculation using the measured refractive indices. Published by AIP Publishing.

DOI： 10.1063/1.4964936

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Metal nanoparticles have become increasingly important in fields such as electronics, photonics, and biotechnology. In particular, anisotropic gold nanoparticles, such as gold nanorods, exhibit unique properties owing to their anisotropy. Optical properties of isolated gold nanorods and dimers of gold nanorods have been investigated from both experimental and theoretical points of view. We have reported a method for three-dimensional assembly of anisotropic gold nanoparticles by two-phase transfer in which the morphologies of the assemblies can be controlled by the aspect ratio of nanorods. In this study, we numerically calculate extinction spectra to investigate the plasmonic properties of bundlelike assemblies by the finiteelement method. Their plasmonic properties depend on not only the three orthogonal directions but also the alignment of the nanorod assembly. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.55.03DD04

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This paper presents an experimental study on temporal change of conduction current and space charge accumulation in a low- density polyethylene (LDPE) under stepwisely increasing DC voltage. Steady currents under various applied fields from 0.1 to 1.9 MV/cm are simultaneously measured with the observation of space charge distributions in a 150-(.im-Thick LDPE between semiconductive (SC) rubber (anode) and evaporated-Al (cathode) system or evaporated-Al (anode) and evaporated-Al (cathode) system. It is known the relationship between the conduction current and applied voltage for solid dielectrics is classified in two models, ohmic-model (electrode limited model) and space-charge-limited current (SCLC) model (bulk-limited model). In general, the conduction model for solid dielectrics shifts from ohmic-model to SCLC-model with the increase in voltage. We confirm that the current characteristic of LDPE with Al(+)/Al(-) shifts from ohmic to SCLC at the critical applied field of 0.6 MV/cm. The current characteristics of LDPE writh SC(+)/Al(-) under low applied fields below 0.4 MV/cm well agree with SCLC model because positive space charges injected from the SC anode are distributed in the bulk of LDPE. On the other hand, the current characteristics under higher applied fields indicate that the conduction mechanism is based on ohmic-model though a large number of positive space charges are accumulated in LDPE. The reason will be discussed on the bases of the simultaneous measurements of the external currents and the space charge distributions.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.136.717

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This paper presents an experimental study on photosensitivity of tomato seeds subjected to non-equilibrium plasma produced by polarity reversed voltage pulses in ns range. Dielectric barrier discharge repeatedly propagates along the surface of the seeds on a glass barrier between plane-plane electrodes. After the discharge treatment, the seeds are incubated on a wet filter paper at 20°C with dark-room condition for sciophilous plants or with irradiating condition for heliophilous plants. Regardless of the discharge treatment time (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 min), most part of the seeds starts to root within 4 days and then germinate within 1 week in dark-room condition. Both the leaf size and root length after 1 week incubation are not depend on the discharge treatment in dark-room condition. On the other hand, the seeds without discharge treatment have a lower ability for germination in irradiating condition because tomato is a heliophilous plant. However, the germination ratio of the seeds in irradiating condition increases with increasing the discharge treatment time. This interesting phenomenon implies that loss of sciophilous characteristics due to molecular structure change of photoreceptor in the seed coat is caused by the repetitive barrier discharges.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.136.434

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Microwave and millimeter-wave devices including a liquid crystal (LC) are increasingly attractive for the use in adaptive and controllable devices. Various types of microwave phase shifters having an LC transmission line have been studied (e.g. microstripline, coplanar waveguide, and rectangular waveguide). In conventional microwave devices, the response time after removal of voltage is slow because the LC layer in the devices is usually thick. In this study, the time response of the LC permittivity is studied experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally measured response curves having two time constants for decay are examined by using Frank's continuum theory with and without the backflow effect.

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/704/1/012021

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Non-quarter-wave stacked dielectric multilayers including azobenzene polymer liquid crystal layers are investigated in this study. The azobenzene polymer liquid crystal has a photoinduced reversible refractive index based on photoisomerization. By using the reversible refractive-index change, the reflectance of a stopband can be controlled. In this system, the azobenzene molecules change their conformation when they are irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) or visible light. In general, stacking many layers of different thicknesses can produce broadband or multicolor reflections for a dielectric multilayer. However, in a multilayer having thick azobenzene layers, UV or visible light used for controlling photoisomerization hardly reaches the bottom part of the multilayer because the light is mainly absorbed at its top surface. To solve this problem, the dependence on the thickness ratio of the multilayer is investigated and a non-quarter-wave stacked multilayer having RGB reflections is experimentally demonstrated using thin azobenzene layers. (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.54.091701

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Dielectric multilayer including azobenzene polymer liquid crystal acts as a one-dimensional photonic crystal and has optical-switchable reflection bands. The reflection intensity can be controlled by irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, in which the optical switch is based on cis-trans photoisomerization. An increase in the number of layers prevents photoresponse in the multilayer including azobenzen layers because UV or visible light for control cis-trans isomerization hardly reach the bottom of the multilayer due to exponential decay of light intensity. In this study, the multilayer consisting of thin azobenzene layers is investigated. According to numerical calculations, the non-quarter-wave structured multilayer has multiwavelength reflection band. Angular dependence of reflection color from multiwavelength stopband is also studied using the XYZ color space. The non-quarter-wave multilayer suppresses reflection color change compared with conventional quarter-wave multilayer.

DOI： 10.1080/15421406.2015.1027989

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Liquid Crystal Society  

Wavelength dispersions of refractive indices of nematic liquid crystals have been studied. We use an interference method which can determine refractive indices of liquid crystals by fitting the interference pattern of transmission spectrum between experimental and calculated results. In this study, we demonstrate simultaneous measurement of dispersion of ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices for a nematic liquid crystal using interference analysis.

DOI： 10.11538/ekitou.2015.0__PA51

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Liquid Crystal Society  

Chiral liquid crystals, such as cholesteric liquid crystal or ferroelectric liquid crystal are expected to be a candidate of a tunable photonic crystal. These liquid crystals have a property of selective reflection. Ferroelectric liquid crystals have a full pitch band that does not exist in cholesteric liquid crystals. The bandwidth of the full pitch band becomes wider at highly oblique incidence. In this study, we calculate deformations in a helical structure of a ferroelectric liquid crystal by applying voltage using continuum theory. Furthermore, we also calculate transmission spectra of the full pitch band of the ferroelectric liquid crystal with the helix deformation at oblique incidence.

DOI： 10.11538/ekitou.2015.0__PB51

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This paper presents an experimental study on decomposition of toluene gas in humid air using repetitive surface discharges on a dielectric barrier. Three kinds of voltages, polarity-reversed pulse with 50 ns of rise time, ac square with 0.1 ms of rise time and ac 50 Hz sinusoidal, are applied to a plasma reactor with a glass barrier between wire-plane electrode system. Experiments are done in two cases. In the first experiment, surface discharge light is observed by a still camera. Results of the photographic observation indicate that the light intensity for the polarity-reversed pulse voltage is much higher than those for the ac voltages not only under the dry condition but also under the humid conditions. It is remarked that no discharge light is observed for the ac sinusoidal voltage under the humid condition above 50%R.H.. In the second experiment, toluene removal ratio and energy efficiency of toluene decomposition for a humid air including with 300 ppm gas-phased toluene are measured. Under a dry condition, there are no remarkable differences of the energy efficiency for toluene decomposition between the voltage waveforms. Under humid conditions, however, the energy efficiency for the ac voltages becomes lower than that for the polarity-reversed pulse voltage. The relationships between the toluene removal ratio and the consumed power can be simulated by an exponential function including geometry factor γ and discharge inception power P&lt
inf&gt
0&lt
/inf&gt
. We conclude that the surface discharge treatment by the very-fast polarity-reversed pulse is an effective way for toluene decomposition under humid conditions.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.135.473

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Liquid Crystal Society  

Many researchers have been studied cholesteric liquid crystals as a one-dimensional photonic crystal. However, there are not so many studies of ferroelectric liquid crystals as a photonic crystal owing to low refractive index contrast. In this study, we focus on the full pitch band of a ferroelectric liquid crystal whose bandwidth becomes wider at highly oblique incidence. By varying an angle of incidence and an electric field, we independently control the peak wavelength and the bandwidth of the full pitch band of a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

DOI： 10.11538/ekitou.2015.0__PB50

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

The optical properties of stopbands of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) in a chiral smectic C phase are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Chiral smectic and cholesteric liquid crystals are regarded as pseudo photonic crystals. They exhibit Bragg reflections corresponding to half-and full-pitch bands. The characteristics of the Bragg reflections at oblique incidence are discussed on the basis of numerical calculations. The full-pitch band of an FLC becomes deeper and wider at highly oblique incidence. Using this characteristic, we demonstrated an FLC stopband with independently tunable wavelength and bandwidth by controlling the temperature and incident angle, respectively. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.53.01AE01

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley-Liss Inc.  

This paper presents an experimental study of control of the germination of Arabidopsis seed with a barrier discharge produced by polarity-reversed voltage pulses. 100 ns-width polarity-reversed pulses were applied to the seeds between plane electrodes covered by glass barriers. The electrode configuration allowed barrier discharge propagation along the seed surface at a relatively low voltage. After the discharge treatment, the seeds were incubated for 2 or 3 days to measure the germination rate. The relationships between the cumulative input energy density into the plasma and the germination rate were investigated. The germination rate was significantly reduced at 20 J/cm3. However, it increased at cumulative energy densities up to 50 J/cm3 and then decreased again on further energy input. These results suggest a superposition of two effects, stimulation and inhibition, of the discharge treatment on the germination of Arabidopsis seed. The results of Evans Blue dyeing of the discharge-exposed seeds indicate that necrosis of the seed coat is caused by the discharge treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/ecj.11603

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper presents an experimental study on germination control for naked barley seed by using a repetitive pulsed power technique. Two kinds of tests, localized pulse electric field (PEF) treatment and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment, are carried out. In the first test, very short mono-polar pulses below 500 ns in width and below 5 kV in heights are applied to the seeds between point-plane electrodes with 500 pps repetition rate for 20 min. A fine stainless needle electrode is inserted into embryo region or endosperm region of the seed to clarify which region should be stressed by the localized PEF for the germination control. The germination rate of the seed after the PEF treatment is compared not only with that of the seed without any treatment (control) but also the seed with sham treatment, which means that the needle tip is inserted without voltage application. Results indicate that there is no effect of the PEF application into the endosperm region of the seed on the germination inhibition. On the other hand, the PEF application into the embryo region has an effect on the germination inhibition if the pulse width is long. In the second test, embryo region of the seed is exposed by the dielectric barrier discharges produced by the polarity-reversed voltage pulses with 100 ns in width. Evans Blue dyeing for the seeds is carried out to clarify the biological activity of the embryo cells. Embryo cell necrosis is caused by the 10 min discharge treatment. On the other hand, necrosis of the seed surface is not observed for the seed after the PEF treatment.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Metal nanoparticles have become more and more important to electronics, photonics, biotechnology, and so on. In particular, anisotropic gold nanoparticles such as gold nanorods exhibit unique properties due to its anisotropy. We reported a method for three-dimensional assembling of anisotropic gold nanoparticles as well as gold nanospheres, by two-phase transfer. In this study, we numerically calculate extinction spectra to analyze the interparticle interaction for the assembled nanoparticles.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE LIQUID CRYSTAL SOCIETY  

<p>Wavelength dispersions of refractive indices of azobenzene-polymer liquid crystal have been studied. To design an optical device using the azobenzene-polymer liquid crystal, the wavelength dispersions of the refractive are necessary. We here measur e the refractive index anisotropy for the azobenzene-polymer liquid crystal using interference analysis.</p>

DOI： 10.11538/ekitou.2014.0_PB52

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Water tree degradation is major problem for power transmission cables. Water treeing is typical of the processes involved in the aging of XLPE cables, and it is known that it causes degradation of insulation performance. To avoid catastrophic failure, a method for localization of this water-treed section is required. We here propose a water-tree detection using polarity-reversed voltage pulses propagation. The polarity-reversed voltage pulses are impulse-like voltages having a exponential tail. We obtained a water tree degradation cable by accelerated deterioration aging test and measured the voltage pulse propagation. The measured pulse waveform involves a signal reflected by non-50 Omega. Although the reflection signal is a small peak, the experimental results qualitatively agreed with calculation results.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper presents an experimental study on toluene gas decomposition using repetitive surface discharges on a dielectric barrier subjected to very fast polarity-reversed pulse voltage or standard ac (sinusoidal or square) voltages. 300 ppm of toluene with dry air or with humid air is injected into a plasma reactor with a double cylindrical glass tubes. Effect of the very fast polarity reversal on toluene decomposition in humid air is studied. The surface discharge inception voltage for the polarity-reversed pulse is lower than that for both sinusoidal and square ac. Intense surface discharge light spread on the glass barrier when the voltage polarity is rapidly changed from negative to positive. Therefore, the toluene decomposition ratio for the polarity-reversed pulse is higher than those for the standard ac voltages. Under a dry air condition, no remarkable differences of the energy efficiency for toluene decomposition are observed between the applied voltages. However, the energy efficiency for the sinusoidal ac becomes lower than those for the other voltages under a humid air condition. The energy loss due to Joule heating is produced by the conduction current along the wet surface during the voltage polarity is changing. Therefore, the energy efficiency under the humid condition depends on the rise time of the polarity reversal of the applied voltage.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE LIQUID CRYSTAL SOCIETY  

<p>The chiral smectic C phase of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) has a self-assembling helical structure which is regarded as a one-dimensional pseudo-photonic crystal. It is well known that a stopband of a FLC can be tuned in wavelength domain by changing tempera ture or electric field. We have studied the fullpitch band of an FLC stopband with independently tunable wavelength and bandwidth. In the previous report, the helix of the FLC was tuned by temperature. We here study the bandwidth control for the fullpitch band using electric field.</p>

DOI： 10.11538/ekitou.2014.0_PB39

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This article has no abstract.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejjournal.133.4

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10013359378?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper presents an experimental study on control of germination for Arabidopsis seed with a barrier discharge produced by polarity-reversed voltage pulses. 100 ns-width polarity-reversed pulses are applied to the seeds between plane electrodes covered by glass barriers. The electrode configuration allows the barrier discharge propagation along the seed surface at a relatively low voltage. After the discharge treatment, the seeds are incubated for 2 or 3 days to measure the germination rate. Relationships between the cumulative input energy density into plasma and the germination rate are investigated. Germination rate is significantly reduced by 20 J/cm3. However, it increases when the cumulative energy density is up to 50 J/cm3 and then it decreases again by the further energy input. These results propose a superposition of two effects, stimulation and inhibition, of the discharge treatment on the germination of Arabidopsis seed. Results of evans-blue dyeing for the discharge-exposed seeds indicate that necrosis of the seed coat is caused by the discharge treatment. © 2013 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.133.38

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Treatment characteristics of wastewater containing PFCs by pulsed water-surface discharge system were investigated. PFOA and PFOS were used as examples of PFCs because these PFCs are recalcitrant and often detected in the environment. Pulsed water-surface discharge system can decompose and mineralize not only PFOA but also PFOS which is more stable than PFOA and can not be degraded by OH radical. Applied electric pressure and frequency can affect on the treatment efficiency, and their increase can enhance the efficiency. The efficiency can be raised by PFCs concentration, and identically-distributed discharge to water surface is also required for higher treatment efficiency. NaCl concentration of less than 1mg/L in wastewater does not give any negative effects, which indicate applicability to leachate treatment from landfill site of wastes. It is suggested that the pulsed water-surface discharge system can degrade PFOS in wastewater much more efficiently than the treatment system with UV irradiation.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.69.iii_411

DOI： 10.3985/mcwmr.32.33_references_DOI_So6vA1JFhokLNUymMbzpy9ucYfj

CiNii Research

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032478521

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

&nbsp;Treatment characteristics of wastewater containing PFCs by pulsed water-surface discharge system were investigated. PFOA and PFOS were used as examples of PFCs because these PFCs are recalcitrant and often detected in the environment. Pulsed water-surface discharge system can decompose and mineralize not only PFOA but also PFOS which is more stable than PFOA and can not be degraded by OH radical. Applied electric pressure and frequency can affect on the treatment efficiency, and their increase can enhance the efficiency. The efficiency can be raised by PFCs concentration, and identically-distributed discharge to water surface is also required for higher treatment efficiency. NaCl concentration of less than 1mg/L in wastewater does not give any negative effects, which indicate applicability to leachate treatment from landfill site of wastes. It is suggested that the pulsed water-surface discharge system can degrade PFOS in wastewater much more efficiently than the treatment system with UV irradiation.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.69.III_411

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Liquid Crystal Society  

An RGB reflecting multilayer including azobenzene-polymer liquid crystal has been studied. The azobenzene-polymer liquid crystal has a photoinduced reversible refractive index based on photoisomerization. By using the reversible refractive-index change, the reflectance of the multilayer including azobenzene-polymer can be controlled. In this system, the azobenzene molecules change their conformation as a result of a cis-trans transition when they are irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Unfortunately, in a thick multilayer, UV light does not reach the bottom part of the multilayer because UV light is mainly absorbed at its top surface. To solve this problem, the thickness ratio of the multilayer has been studied. We found that an RGB reflection appears by stacking thin azebenzene layers and thick other layers. This is because that the asymmetric periodic structure consists of many frequency components.

DOI： 10.11538/ekitou.2013.0__2a04

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics  

This paper presents an experimental study on long time range breakdown of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) under very high dc applied fields (Emean) of 2.0 MV/cm or 3.0 MV/cm. Breakdown time lag and space charge distribution are simultaneously measured for a 200-μm-thick LDPE sheet with positive-semicon and negative-evaporated Al electrodes. A voltage is applied to the sheet until the dc breakdown occurs. 20 samples are tested for both the applied voltages. It should be remarked that 50% survivor probability T50, corresponding to time in which breakdown occurs for 10 samples out of 20, is 70 min for 40 kV, whereas it is 90 min for 60 kV. Results of the space charge measurement by pulsed electro acoustic (PEA) method indicates that a large number of positive charges are injected from the semicon-anode and they are accumulated in the bulk of LDPE, so that field distribution in LDPE is strongly distorted. The maximum field strength Emax(t) in LDPE after the space charge penetration for 60 kV becomes higher than that for 40 kV. However, the distortion ratio Emax(t)/Emean under 40 kV is higher than that under 60 kV. This is because the positive charges packet produced by 40 kV penetrates into deeper area of the bulk as compared with that by 60 kV.

DOI： 10.15676/ijeei.2013.5.2.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics  

We observe streak images of dc pre-breakdown in silicone-oil (10 cSt, 100 cSt and 10000 cSt)/low density polyethylene (30 μm in thickness) composite insulation under needle/sphere electrode by using the 20 meter long image guide scope and a streak camera. In the case of composite insulation with 10 cSt of silicone-oil, breakdown light propagates from the needle side under both voltage polarity. However, in the 10000 cSt case, breakdown light propagates from the film side under the negative voltage polarity. The mechanism of these transient phenomena are discussed in this paper.

DOI： 10.15676/ijeei.2013.5.1.9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics  

This paper presents an experimental study on repetitive partial discharge inception probability of twisted enameled wires subjected to modified inverter-surges. In order to obtain the probability curves as a function of the voltage amplitude, we develop an automatic measurement system of partial discharge inception probability for the twisted enameled wires subjected to the repetitive pulses with step-by-step increasing in the voltage height. Very fast oscillated pulses with or without polarity-reversal and an impulse-like pulse without oscillation are used as the modified inverter-surges. In the test for the impulse-like voltage, repetitive partial discharge inception voltage (RPDIV) decreases with increasing the pulse width. On the other hand, RPDIV for the polarity-reversed pulse with a higher oscillation cycle is lower than that for the pulse with lower oscillation cycle. The difference of PD inception probability between the voltage waveforms will be discussed on the basis of charge dynamics on the wire surfaces.

DOI： 10.15676/ijeei.2013.5.1.5

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Simultaneous measurements of space charge and external current were carried out using a PEA measurement system with an electrometer on the back of a grounding electrode in order to clarify the physical situation of a huge packet of positive space charges in LDPE films. A large number of positive charges from a semiconducting anode were accumulated at the interface between LDPE and an Al-cathode at a mean applied field of 1.5 MV/cm and then finally disappeared. The results of simultaneous measurements showed that the external current kept a relatively high value during charge accumulation and further increased when the charges disappeared. Both the charge dynamics and the external current were restricted by addition of a low-molecular-weight paraffin wax, indicating that carrier transport was influenced by the microstructure of the polymer. The dynamics of the residual charges after short-circuiting is also discussed. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 1017, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21256

DOI： 10.1002/eej.21256

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

This paper describes an experimental study of NO removal from a simulated exhaust gas by repetitive surface discharge on a glass barrier subjected to polarity-reversed voltage pulses. The very fast polarity-reversal with a rise time of 20 ns is caused by direct grounding of a charged coaxial cable 10 m in length. The influence of the voltage rise time on energy efficiency for NO removal is studied. The results of NO removal using a barrier-type plasma reactor with a screw-plane electrode system indicate that the energy efficiency of very fast polarity reversal caused by direct grounding is higher than that of slower polarity reversal caused by grounding through an inductor at the cable end. The energy efficiency of direct grounding is approximately 80 g/kWh for a 50% NO removal ratio and approximately 60 g/kWh for a 100% NO removal ratio. Very intense discharge light is observed at an initial time of 10 ns for fast polarity reversal, whereas the intensity of the initial discharge light for slower polarity reversal is relatively small. To confirm the effectiveness of the polarity-reversed pulse application, a comparison of the energy efficiency of polarity-reversed voltage pulses and an AC 60-Hz voltage is presented. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(4): 3238, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21215

DOI： 10.1002/eej.21215

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS  

A light delay path and a streak camera are combined as a dc pre-breakdown optical observation system. The light delay path in this study is a 20-m-long image guide scope (IGS). The IGS will delay the pre-breakdown light for 100 ns before reaching the streak camera. During this time, the streak camera will be triggered and a streak image of pre-breakdown light can be obtained. Previously, either an image of pre-breakdown light (weak discharge light at either one of the electrode or in the bulk of liquid sample) or an image of complete breakdown light (strong discharge light bridging across the electrodes) could be obtained by using an old system (IGS and a film camera photographic observation system). The transition process from pre-breakdown to complete breakdown light was unknown. The study is dedicated to setup and clarified the combination of the streak camera and IGS system, so that it can be used to clarify the transition process. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.51.028003

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We provide a simplified measurement method for repetitive partial discharge inception voltage (RPDIV) of enameled wires subjected to repetitive impulses. Previously, a large number of faint discharge signals were monitored on a high-spec digitizing oscilloscope with long memory to count the number of the discharges after the repetitive voltage application was finished. In this paper, a logic pulse produced by a faint discharge light is directly sent from a detector to a personal computer and then it is counted as one partial discharge. Sequence of the impulse voltage repetition is also controlled by the computer, so that statistic data of RPDIV is automatically obtained by using the very simple equipment without the oscilloscope. © 2012 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.132.811

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Optical observations on pre-breakdown phenomena of hexane/low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) film insulation composites were carried out by using a system mainly consisted of a streak camera and a long image guide scope. The LDPE film was placed on a sphere of point-sphere electrode, which was filled with hexane. The parameters in this study were dc voltage polarity and voltage rises speed. In most cases, under positive polarity voltage regardless of the voltage rises speed, breakdown initiated in the bulk of hexane. While, in most of the case under negative polarity voltage regardless of the voltage rises speed, breakdown initiated at the tip of needle electrode. In most cases, from the obtained streak images, pre-breakdown light developed continuously at the same place where they initiated at least for 10ns. Breakdown voltage was higher under 0.1kV/s of voltage rises speed as compared to 1.0kV/s, regardless of the voltage polarity.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DC breakdown light of silicone oil and LDPE film composites between needle-sphere electrodes with the film placed on sphere electrode was observed using a streak camera. A long image guide scope (IGS) was attached to the streak camera as light delay path. This new system enables us to obtain a streak image of an initial process of the DC breakdown phenomena with a period of 10ns. Under positive polarity voltage, breakdown usually initiated from positive needle in all samples. Initiation of DC breakdown from film side was observed under negative polarity voltage condition.

DOI： 10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015460

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Positive charges packet is frozen inside the bulk of a low-density polyethylene(LDPE) film after subjecting to 1.5 MV/cm of DC electric field. In this paper, simultaneous measurements of space charge dynamics and external current through LDPE are carried out by using a pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method in order to understand this phenomenon. By carrying these measurements simultaneously, we can understand further about the physical process during the freezing period. External current shows an increase as the electric field is up to 5 MV/cm though the velocity of the charges decreases. This implies that, beside the charges packet, there are also moving charges in the freezing region. 3 type of samples, LDPE neat sample, LDPE with paraffin sample and LDPE with polyisobutylene sample are prepared. In comparison with LDPE neat sample, the LDPE with paraffin sample tends to suppress the positive charges penetration hence showing a lower current flow. On the other hand, LDPE with polyisobutylene sample shows a relatively fast positive charges packet penetration and a higher current flow. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.131.1031

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

In this paper, we compared the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores in water by means of a dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD)-driven XeI* excilamp and a low-pressure mercury lamp. The main part (similar to 76%) of the excilamp output was due to the B -&gt; X transition of XeI* exciplex at 253 nm. It is shown for the first time that a better sterilization action is achieved with the DBD-driven XeI* excilamp compared with the monochromatic mercury lamp at the same UV dose. The contribution of an atomic iodine emission in the range of 178-207 nm has been confirmed. Germ-reduction experiments with the XeI* excilamp have been carried out in a steady-state mode and in a water-flow reactor.

DOI： 10.1109/TPS.2010.2044588

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

Simultaneous measurements for space charge and external current were carried out using a PEA measurement system with an electrometer on the back of a grounding electrode in order to clarify physical situation of a huge packet of positive space charges in LDPE films. A large number of positive charges from semi-conduction anode were accumulated at the interface between LDPE and Al-cathode under 1.5MV/cm of mean applied field and then they finally disappeared. Results of the simultaneous measurements showed that the external current kept a relatively high value during the charge accumulation and it further increased when the charges disappeared. Both the charge dynamics and the external current were restricted by addition of a low-molecular-weight paraffin wax, indicating that the carrier transport was influenced by micro structure of the polymer. Dynamics of residual charges after short-circuiting is also discussed.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.130.362

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00348883785?from=CiNii

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Six laboratories in Japan have performed round-robin test (RRT) on measurement of repetitive PD inception voltage (RPDIV) under well-controlled experimental condition. They used common twisted-pair sample, common impulse generator and common data sheet with normalized air pressure and temperature. Scatterings of data were small except in relative humidity. Stability of PD occurrences against repetitive impulses was investigated using all record of PD data stored in PC. This paper reports the test procedures and the results of the RRT for RPDIV measurement.

DOI： 10.1109/CEIDP.2010.5724099

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This paper summarizes physical properties of pulsed streamer discharges caused by very fast polarityreversals of an applied voltage and remarkable results of discharge treatments using the polarity-reversed voltage pulses in pollution control for exhausted gases and wasted water. The very fast polarity-reversal just after a dc voltage application is produced by direct-grounding of a charged coaxial cable because a traveling wave voltage reciprocates along the cable with a change in its polarity due to impedance mismatching between the grounding end and the coaxial cable. The inception voltage of streamer discharges in an air gap with a glass barrier subjected to the polarity-reversed pulse is much lower than that subjected to a mono-polar single pulse without the dc bias because charges accumulation on the glass surface under the dc field causes field enhancement in the air gap just after the polarity reversal. Due to the space charge effect in the discharge treatment with the polarity-reversed pulses, energy efficiency for removal of pollutants in gases, such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds produced in various manufacturing processes, can be high as compared with a classical barrier discharge treatment. Experimental results on decomposition of organic compounds in water and on inactivation of microorganisms in water are also reviewed. © 2010 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.130.871

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The effect of water-surface discharge on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 in water was examined by using a very short high-voltage pulse generator. The surviving number of spore cells at 10(4) CFU/ml in initial concentration exponentially decreased with increasing discharge-treatment time. The input energy into the water-surface discharge under an O-2 gas flow for reduction in the survival number to 10% was lower than that under an air flow because many oxidation agents such as ozone and OH radical were produced under the O-2 gas flow.
The input energy density for the one-tenth reduction depended not only on the spore state but also on the initial cell concentration. The input energy for the high-concentration spore cells (10(7) CFU/ml) was much higher than that for the low-concentration spore cells (10(4) CFU/ml). Cellular proteins and DNA were degraded by a 30-min discharge treatment of vegetative cells, whereas DNA of the high-concentration spore cells was relatively resistant.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.90153

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/PLASMA.2009.5227286

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper describes experimental study on NO removal from a simulated exhausted-gas using repetitive surface discharge on a glass barrier subjected to polarity-reversed voltage pulses. The very fast polarityreversal with a rise time of 20 ns is caused by direct grounding of a charged coaxial cable of 10 m in length. Influence of voltage rise time on energy efficiency for NO removal is studied. Results of NO removal using a barrier-type plasma reactor with screw-plane electrode system indicates that the energy efficiency for the very fast polarity reversal caused by direct grounding becomes higher than that for the slower polarity reversal caused by grounding through an inductor at the cable end. The energy efficiency for the direct grounding is about 80 g/kWh for 50 % NO removal ratio and is about 60 g/kWh for 100 % NO removal ratio. Very intense discharge light is observed at the initial time of 10 ns for the fast polarity reversal, whereas the intensity in the initial discharge light for the slower polarity reversal is relatively small. To confirm the effectiveness of the polarity-reversed pulse application, comparison of the energy efficiency between the polarity-reversed voltage pulse and ac 60 Hz voltage will be presented. © 2009 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.129.211

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

This paper describes experimental results of NO removal from a simulated exhausted gas using a barrier-type plasma reactor subjected to reciprocal traveling wave voltage pulses. A pulse-forming cable was charged and then grounded at one end without any resistance, so that a traveling wave reciprocated along the cable with a change in its polarity because the traveling wave wits negatively reflected at the grounded end. Transient discharge light between point-plane electrodes with a glass barrier was observed using a gated image-intensifier. Photographs of the transient discharge light indicated that many streamer channels extended widely in the gap at the initial stage of voltage oscillation, while only an intense discharge channel was observed at the latter stage. NO removal tests were performed using the reciprocal pulse generator and a coaxial plasma reactor with a cylindrical glass barrier. The results indicated that the discharges at the first and second polarity reversals contributed greatly to the oxidation reaction from NO into NO2, whereas the contribution of the subsequent discharges in the latter stage to NO removal was small. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/eej.20634

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper describes an experimental study of space charge dynamics in low-density polyethylene subjected to do step voltage under high pressure. A film with or without a small amount of additive was set in a pressure-chamber in a measurement system based on pulsed electro-acoustic method. Temporal changes in the space charge distribution in the film with semi-conduction anode and evaporated Al-cathode were observed under 0.1MPa and 1.5MPa. Positive charges penetrated from the anode into the bulk of the film in most cases. In the case of the film without any additives, carrier transport in the film was activated by the high pressure. However, the velocity of the carrier transport in the high pressure was lower than that in the atmospheric pressure when a small amount of stearic acid was added into the film as an ion component. These results indicated that the mechanism of the carrier transport in the additive-free film was different from that in the compounded film.

DOI： 10.1109/ICSD.2007.4290847

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Effect of water-surface discharges on inactivation of Bacillus Subtilis ATCC6633 spores was studied using a photographical observation technique and a colony count technique. When a coaxial cable and a coupling condenser at one end of the cable were charged and then directly grounded at the other end of the cable, a reciprocal traveling wave voltage having an oscillation about 10 6 Hz was applied to a point electrode on 3-mm thick water layer. Photographs of transient surface discharge light under atmospheric pressure indicated that many discharge channels repeatedly spread over without breakdown of water. Results in the optical study also showed that repetition of the surface discharge propagation produced by the voltage oscillation was strongly influenced by the cable length. This fact implied that residual charges produced by the first discharge remained on water for several hundred ns, so that the propagation capability of the successive discharge was enhanced. It was confirmed that the discharge light included a UV component due to the emisson of OH excitation. In the test of inactivation of Bacillus Subtilis in water, 20 kV reciprocal pulses were applied to the water layer of 1 ℓ in volume. The survivor ratio decreased quickly when the test water was irradiated by UV light from a low-pressure Hg lamp. The survivor ratio also decreased with increasing the application time in surface discharge treatment. However, the treatment time for the inactivation using the surface discharge became much longer than that using the UV lamp. The speed for the inactivation using the surface discharge was considerably improved by the combination with the additional H 2O2 into the test water.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.127.574

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Language：English   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This paper presents experimental results of NO removal from a simulated exhausted-gas using a barrier type reactor with screw electrodes subjected to polarity-reversed voltage pulses. The polarity-reversed pulse was produced by direct grounding of a charged coaxial cable because a traveling wave voltage was negatively reflected at the grounding end with a change in its polarity and then it propagated to the plasma reactor at the opposite end. Influence of cable length on NO removal was studied for two kinds of cable connection, single-connected cable and parallel-connected cables. NO removal ratio for a 50m-long cable was lower than that for much shorter cables in both single and parallel connections when the applied voltage became high. Energy efficiency for NO removal also increased with decreasing the cable length. This was because excess discharges during the voltage oscillation caused by the large stored energy in the long cable resulted in reproduction of NO molecules. Energy efficiency was further improved by changing the discharge mode from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to surface discharge (SD). Energy efficiency was up to 110g/kWh with 55% NO removal ratio and 34g/kWh with 100% NO removal ratio by using a single 10m-long cable in SD mode.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.127.553

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper describes results on an experimental study of faint light emission produced by separation of an adhesive tape from a glass or from a polymer film. Spectroscopic measurements of the faint light were carried out using a monochromator and a photomultiplier. The results indicated that the light emission was caused by discharges near the tape-air-glass triple junction. We found that the frequency of the light emission was strongly changed by changing the peeling speed of the tape. Discharge lights were detected in many times in the case of high-speed peeling, whereas no light was detected in the case of low-speed peeling. We also measured surface potential distributions on the film after separation from the tape using a XY-movable probe and an electrostatic voltmeter. The surface potential on the film after the fast-speed peeling became slightly higher than that on the film after the low-speed peeling. Copyright © 2006 The Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan.

DOI： 10.2150/jlve.30.61

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

This paper deals with initiation and propagation processes of streamer discharges in water subjected to high-speed repetitive voltage pulse. The 50%-duty repetitive pulses were produced by the reciprocal traveling wave in a pulse forming cable which was connected with a point-plane electrode gap in a water-cell. Laue plot of time lag distributions for the streamer initiation indicated that the initiation probability during the second pulse application became much higher than that during the first pulse application. We concluded that the change in space charges distribution due to internal field during the rest-time after the first pulse enhanced the streamer initiation probability at the second pulse application. Temporal development in the positive streamers during the repetitive pulse application was observed using a gated image intensifier. When the pulse was relatively high, the streamer discharges started the propagation at the first pulse and then the discharge channel became long step by step at the subsequent pulse applications. It was also found that the periodical emission due to excitation of OH radicals was detected for a long period after the development of the streamer discharge in a spectroscopic measurement.

DOI： 10.1109/TDEI.2006.1657959

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

This paper describes experimental results of decomposition of an organic material in water using repetitive surface discharges produced by reciprocal traveling wave voltage pulse. A point electrode with a CR high-pass-filter at one end of a long coaxial cable was faced on a surface of 3 mm thick water layer on the grounded-plate in a low-pressure chamber. When the cable and a coupling condenser in the filter were charged and then directly grounded at the other end of the cable, repetitive discharges propagated from the point electrode along the water surface with a very high frequency. In the test of an optical study, transient discharge light was observed using a gated image intensifier under gas pressures of 0.1 MPa and 0.02 MPa in air. Several discharge channels with branches propagated from the point electrode in 0.1 MPa, whereas glow-like discharges rapidly spread along the water surface in 0.02 MPa with a very high propagation speed. However, reaction speed of indigo carmine molecules in water in 0.1 MPa became higher than that in 0.02 MPa in a decolorization test. We concluded that active species produced by the surface discharge under atmospheric pressure had an important role for the decomposition of the indigo carmine molecules in water. © 2006 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357372

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This paper describes experimental results of NO removal from a simulated exhausted gas using a barrier-type plasma reactor subjected to reciprocal traveling wave voltage pulses. A pulse-forming cable was charged and then grounded at one end without any resistance, so that a traveling wave reciprocated along the cable with a change in its polarity because the traveling wave was negatively reflected at the grounded-end. Transient discharge light between point-plane electrodes with a glass barrier was observed using a gated image-intensifier. Photographs of the transient discharge light indicated that many streamer channels extended widely in the gap at the initial stage in the voltage oscillation, while only an intense discharge channel was observed at the latter stage. NO removal tests were carried out using the reciprocal pulse generator and a coaxial plasma reactor with a cylindrical glass-barrier. Results indicated that the discharges at the first and the second polarity reversals contributed largely to the oxidation reaction from NO into NO₂, whereas the contribution of the subsequent discharges in the latter stage to NO removal was small.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.126.1211

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Time lag distributions for the streamer initiation in water subjected to a reciprocal traveling wave voltage pulse were measured as a fundamental study of water treatment for pollution control. A point-plan, electrode gap in de-ionized water was connected with a capacitor which was charged and then grounded through a pulse-forming coaxial cable. Since the cable was directly grounded without any resistance, the reciprocal traveling wave propagated along the cable with a change in its polarity. Lane plot of the streamer initiation time lags showed that the initiation probability during the second pulse application became much higher than that during the first puts application. This fact implied that some physical processes during the rest-time just after the first pulse enhanced the streamer propagation probability at the second pulse application. Spectroscopic measurement of the repetitive discharges was also carried out using a monochromator and a photomultiplier. A discharge light signal having a spectrum which corresponded to excited OH radical emission was repeatedly detected for a long period.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN  

Breakdown processes of a dielectric double layer under point-sphere electrode system subjected to do ramped voltages were studied. The double layer consisted of a 1mm-thick slide-glass-plate and a 50 mu m-thick polymer film. In order to clarify the formative process. of the complete breakdown, photographic observation was carried out using a long image guide scope and a highspeed-gated image intensifier: When a do ramped voltage, with 1.0kV/s was applied to the composite, the initial discharge light of the complete breakdown was always located at the tip of the point electrode. However, the initial discharge. light was observed. on the lower-sphere electrode in the case of 0.11V/s. This was because a micro discharge due to film breakdown caused by charges accumulation at the glass-film interface induced the streamer propagation from the sphere to the point electrode in both the polarities.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

This paper describes an experimental study for NO, decomposition using repetitive streamer discharges produced by reciprocal traveling wave voltage pulse from a direct-grounded coaxial cable. When the cable is charged and then grounded at one end of the cable without any resistance, a reciprocal traveling voltage pulse is repeatedly applied to a barrier-type reactor at the opposite end with a change in its polarity. High-speed photographs of discharge light indicated that the voltage oscillation caused by one switching induced alternate propagation of positive and negative streamers with a very high frequency. The 50% streamer initiation voltage with the reciprocal pulse generator was much smaller than that with a single pulse generator having a matching resistance. The reason for the difference in the 50% voltage was explained by the effect of pre-charging to the dielectric barrier. In the case of the reciprocal pulse, a large number of space charges were accumulated on the barrier surface during the cable charging, so that the field strength in the gap was strongly enhanced after the polarity reversal. In the test of NO removal from a flue gas, high NO removal ratio was obtained under the low applied voltage when the reciprocal pulse generator was used. Removal weight of NO per unit discharge energy in the reciprocal pulse generator was lower than that in the single pulse generator. However, the total efficiency calculated with the stored energy in the reciprocal pulse generator gave a better performance.

DOI： 10.1109/TPS.2004.835488

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This paper describes experimental results of NO removal using barrier discharges produced by a reciprocal pulse generator. When a coaxial cable is charged and then grounded at one end of the cable without any resistance, a reciprocal traveling voltage pulse is repeatedly applied to a barrier-type reactor at the opposite end with a change in its polarity. 50% streamer initiation voltage for the reciprocal pulse generator was much smaller than that with the self-matched pulse generator having a matching resistance. The reason for the low initiation voltage in the reciprocal pulse was that space charges which accumulated on the barrier surface during cable charging had an effect on field enhancement in the reactor after the first polarity reversal. High speed photographs of discharge light produced by the reciprocal pulse showed that the voltage oscillation caused by one switching induced alternate propagation of positive and negative streamers with a very high frequency. In measurements of NO concentration, the reciprocal pulse generator gave a better performance for NO removal ratio than the self-matched pulse generator even though the stored energy in the recipocal pulse generator was very low. © 2004, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.124.987

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Space charge distribution in a low-density polyethylene film subjected to dc step voltages was measured by PEA method under a temperature gradient. The 100 mum-thick film was inserted between a 333K(60 degreesC) upper electrode and a 278K(5 degreesC) lower electrode. A number of space charge injected from the upper electrode was accumulated in the bulk of the film, so that the field distribution in the film was strongly distorted. The breakdown time lag distribution in the film showed that the time lag consisted of a fort-native time lag for the field distortion due to space charge accumulation and a statistical time lag for the initiation of electrical avalanche. The mean breakdown time lag in cathode-heating mode was much longer than that in anode-heating mode though the maximum field strength in cathode-heating mode was higher than that in anode-heating mode. These results indicated that there was remarkable polarity effect in the long time range breakdown under the temperature gradient.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Degradation process of polyolefin materials subjected to an ac voltage was studied by wavelet analysis of the pressure wave associated with tree growth under a point-plane electrode configuration. Pressure waves from a block sample which was composed of low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene-ethylacrylate (EEA) were measured by an AE sensor on the back of the plane electrode. Results of the time-frequency analysis of the pressure signal showed that a high frequency pressure wave due to partial discharge at the front area in the tree was followed by a lower frequency pressure wave due to partial discharge near the point electrode. In a sample of LDPE alone without EEA, only the lower frequency pressure wave disappeared when the treeing degradation proceeded to a critical level. The disappearance suggested that carbonization at the rear area in the tree was caused by repetitive discharges. However, the disappearance phenomenon did not observed for a LDPE/EEA blended sample. We confirmed that there was an optimum blend ratio between LDPE and EEA for the inhibition of carbonization.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS  

We propose a new method for a gas cleaning system with repetitive discharges produced by a reciprocal voltage pulse in a coaxial cable. When the cable is charged with a dc voltage and then grounded at one end of the cable without any resistance, a traveling wave is reciprocated in the cable because of a negative reflection at the grounded end and a positive reflection at the other end. The reciprocal traveling wave results in a voltage oscillation with a very high frequency. The repetitive pulsed discharges between a point-plane electrode gap with a dielectric barrier were observed for various charging voltages. [DOI: 10. 1 143/JJAP.42.L688].

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.42.L688

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

This paper describes results of time-frequency analysis of a pressure wave caused by impulse tree extension using wavelet transform. Pressure waves were measured by a piezo sensor which was located on the back of the plane electrode when high-voltage nanosecond pulses were applied to a point electrode in a low-density polyethylene block. Frequency of the pressure wave from induced charges on the plane electrode was higher than that of the pressure wave from tree. In addition, the frequency of the pressure wave from tree tended to decrease with increasing gap length because of the dispersion of the pressure wave during its propagation. When a large tree extension occurred between a 5-mm gap, pressure waves of about 10 MHz propagated from the tree tip and a pressure wave of ` MHz propagated from the tree stem. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/eej.10097

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper describes the results of time-frequency analysis of pressure waves caused by an electrical tree from a point electrode in a polyethylene subjected to ac voltages. Experiments were done in two cases. In the first case, the applied voltage was raised with 5 kV step at 5 minutes intervals. When a tree growth was started from the point electrode at 15kV, a high frequency pressure wave of about 8MHz was propagated from the tree. When the tree became large and more bushy, the high frequency pressure wave from the tree tip was followed by a lower frequency pressure wave from the tree stems. In the second case, a constant voltage of 25 kV was applied to the sample for 4 hours. Both the high frequency pressure wave and the following lower frequency pressure wave became larger at the first stage. However, the lower frequency pressure wave disappeared when the treeing degradation was attained to a critical level. This was because the carbonization of the tree wall was caused by the partial discharges. These results demonstrated that the time-frequency characteristics of the pressure waves were directly related to the partial discharge behavior in tree. © 2003, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms.123.587

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

We propose a method for No-x decomposition using a reciprocal pulse generator. The pulse generator consists of only a few components; a coaxial cable, a grounding switch and a dc voltaae source. When the cable was charged and then grounded at one end of the cable without any resistance, a traveling voltage pulse reciprocated in the cable with a change in its polarity, so that the voltage pulse was repeatedly applied to a barrier-type reactor at the open end. In tests of NO removal, the pulse generator gave a better performance compared with a self-matched pulse generator. Results of an optical study showed that gas molecules in the reactor were repeatedly exposed to intense pulsed discharges with a very high frequency because the voltage oscillation caused by one switching induced alternate propagation of positive negative streamers from a wire electrode in the reactor.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

This paper describes an experimental study on the prebreakdown phenomena in a liquid-nitrogen/polymer-film composite subjected to dc ramp and step voltages under point-plane electrode system. In order to clarify the formative process of the complete breakdown of the composite, photographic observation was carried out using a long image guide scope and an image intensifier with high speed gate in the nanosecond region. When a negative-plane electrode was covered by a polymer film (N-cover arrangement), a luminous region on the initial image of the complete breakdown was located near the negative-plane under both the ramp and the step voltages. These results suggested that the complete breakdown of the composite in the N-cover arrangement was caused by the film breakdown due to positive charges deposition and subsequent electron emission from the film breakdown spot. When a positive-plane electrode was covered by the film (P-cover arrangement), film breakdown could not trigger the complete breakdown under the ramp voltage because the film breakdown occurred at a low applied voltage. However, intense light near the positive-plane was observed at the initial stage of the complete breakdown under the relatively high step voltage. This was because the film breakdown under the high applied voltage induced the positive streamer propagation from the film breakdown spot.

DOI： 10.1109/94.983884

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Interface charge density in silicone-oil / polymer film composite was measured by pulsed-electroacoustic (PEA) method. When a film was placed on a positive electrode, considerable negative charges from a negative electrode were accumulated on the oil / film interface. When the. film was placed on the negative electrode, positive charges were slightly accumulated. Quantity of the interface charge was greatly influenced not only by the polarity, but also by the period of the voltage application.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Surface charge density on a 25 mum PET film due to polarization was measured by a PEA method. In order to separate a pressure wave due to charges on the film from that due to charges on the adjacent electrode, a very thin air layer less than 1 mum at the interface was utilized as an acoustic barrier. A linear relationship between the charge density due to polarization of the film and the applied voltage below 3kV was observed. When the applied voltage exceeded 4kV, the charge density on the film was saturated because the opposite polarity charges were injected from an adjacent electrode. The value of 4kV gave a critical field strength across the interface for the charge injection up to 5X10(8)V/m.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INSTITUTE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS JAPAN  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS  

The observation technique for dc prebreakdown in dielectrics was established by the use of a long image guide scope which was set in front of an image intensifier with a high speed gate. The passage time of a prebreakdown image through the scope was longer than the response delay time of the gate. Therefore the gate could be closed as soon as the prebreakdown image arrived at the image intensifier.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.36.7289

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：I E E E  

We studied the effect of acetophenone coating on the surface potential of the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films which had been inserted between plane electrodes after the removal of the upper brass disk electrode. The results far the films with coating were compared with those without coating. The polarity of the surface potential for the uncoated films was always the same as that of the applied step voltage which had been subjected to the upper electrode and then shorted, and the absolute value of the surface potential tended to increase to a constant value of about 600 V with increasing the applied voltage and also with the short circuit time for both polarities of applied voltage. The surface potential for the coated films was usually lower than that for the uncoated film and the value tended to be scattered from sample to sample, Sometimes, opposite polarity to the applied voltage was observed, even though the height was low. The increase in the short circuit time decreased the surface potential, unlike the case without acetophenone coating, These results were discussed on the basis of the charge distribution in the bulk of LDPE film.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：I E E E  

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DOI： 10.1541/ieejfms1990.110.12_861

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Ehime University  

We propose a new method for gas cleaning system with repetitive discharges produced by reciprocal voltage pulse in a coaxial cable. When the cable is charged and then grounded at one end of the cable without any resistance, a reciprocal traveling voltage pulse is repeatedly applied to a barrier-type reactor at the opposite end with a change in its polarity. High speed photographs of discharge light showed that the voltage oscillation caused by one switching induced alternate propagation of positive and negative streamers with a very high frequency. The minimum charging voltage which has 50% probability for streamer propagation with the reciprocal pulse generator became much smaller than that with a self-matched pulse generator having a matching resistance. The reason for the difference of the minimum charging voltage was explained by the space charge effect. In the case of reciprocal pulse, a large number of space charges were accumulated on the barrier surface during the cable charging, so that the field strength in the gap was strongly enhanced after the polarity reversal. In a test of NO removal from a flue gas, high NO removal ratio could be obtained under the low charging voltage with the reciprocal pulse generator.

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Other Link： http://iyokan.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/iyokan/1404

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