Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

An accuracy assessment of digital surface models (DSMs) generated from archived aerial photographs using the structure from motion-multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) technique was carried out. A four-step accuracy assessment procedure was adopted using aerial photography from eight periods, as follows. Step 1: generate a DSM and orthophoto from digital aerial photographs taken in 2013 and ground control points (GCPs) measured by GNSS. Step 2: assess the accuracy of the DSM by comparison with altitude measured by leveling survey. Step 3: generate other historical DSMs and orthophotos from historical aerial photographs using GCPs extracted from the DSM of 2013. Step 4: assess the accuracy of all historical DSMs by comparing with the leveling survey. Then re-calculate the accuracy of historical DSMs by reducing the inherent error in the 2013 DSM. The DSM based on the aerial photographs taken in 2013 was generated with a resolution of 48.2 cm. The residual height error of the GCPs was 15.4 cm. Validation against the altitudes of 171 points revealed that this DSM has a height root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 24.1 cm and is 9.2 cm lower than the leveling data on average. Even using US military photos with unconfirmed detailed specifications, the model can measure the altitude with an RMSE value of 121.5 cm. It appears therefore that analysis by SfM-MVS can give comparable measurement accuracy to traditional aerial photogrammetry. The low cost and high accuracy obtained with archived aerial photographs are worthy of special mention. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.029

Web of Science

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11440/rssj.36.214

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Remote Sensing Society of Japan  

Surface ruptures associated with the 2014 Kamishiro fault earthquake (Mj 6.7), appeared along the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic line active fault system in the northern part of Nagano Prefecture, central Japan. We photographed it with digital cameras mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Digital surface models (DSMs) were generated from the acquired photographs by applying SfM-MVS technology. The UAVs used in this study were the F450 and Phantom 2 manufactured by DJI Inc., and the cameras were the GR model manufactured by RICOH Inc. and were attached to each UAV for aerial photography. The ground control points required for generating DSMs using SfM-MVS analysis were measured using an RTK-GNSS (Leica GPS900), and the topographic profiles used for the accuracy assessment of the DSMs were measured in situ using a total station (Leica TCR705) and digital auto level (SOKKIA SDL50).<BR>As a result, we were able to create DSMs and ortho-photographs at the resolution of a few centimeters. The accuracy was assessed by comparing the topographic profiles measured by the total station and leveling with those generated by the DSMs. Validation against the nine topographic profiles revealed that the DSM had a relative height error of 4.0cm with an average standard deviation.<BR>Taking photographs from a UAV is one of the quickest and most cost-effective methods to record detailed surface topography. Generating a DSM of surface ruptures using UAV photography with SfM-MVS is particularly advantageous because ruptures will change their features quickly, and surface topographic variations of 10 cm or less cannot be recognized in field observations.

DOI： 10.11440/rssj.36.107

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG SINGAPORE PTE LTD  

Evaluation of the spatial distribution pattern of patchy and fragmental seagrass beds, as hotspots of faunal biodiversity and of high primary productivity, is key to the robust understanding of the ecological state and of the effects of environmental changes on biota in coastal areas. Supervised classification of aerial photographs and satellite imagery is used for assessing the state of shallow-water bottom features (i.e., substrata), such as rock and seagrass patches. For accurate classification, it is important to measure the topography of the seabed extensively and at high resolution, because the color of aerial photographs must be corrected for depth. This is difficult, however, because the shallowness of the water restricts the movements of survey vessels. We generated a digital surface model (DSM) of shallow-water bottom features via airborne LiDAR bathymetry and then used the DSM and digital aerial photographs to classify the bottom features. We conducted simultaneous bathymetry and aerial photography of a bay on the east coast of Tohoku, Japan, using a Fugro LADS Mk 3 system for bathymetry (at 5-m resolution) and a RedLake image sensor for aerial photography (at 0.4-m resolution). After using the topographic data to correct for absorption, we classified the imagery to reveal the distribution of seagrass beds. The estimated distribution corresponded with empirical observations.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-10-0780-4_5

Web of Science

researchmap

Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2015s.0_100187

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Active Fault Studies  

<p>The 2014 M 6.7 Naganoken-hokubu earthquake was caused by movement of the Kamishiro fault located in the northernmost part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) active fault system, central Japan. We conducted a series of field research immediately after the earthquake to describe coseismic surface ruptures. Our description methods were: 1) field reconnaissance using pre- and post-earthquake airphotos; 2) quick measurement using staff; 3) topographic profiling using Auto Level and Total Station; and, 4) UAV and highpole SfM measurement. We identified 9-km-long coseismic surface rupture, most of which was located along the pre-existing surface trace of the Kamishiro fault. The maximum value of coseismic vertical offset was ca. 1 m or more, which was recorded at Oide in the northern part of the rupture. Based on comparison of the 2014 coseismic slip distribution with the long-term slip rate distribution, both 2014 slip amount and cumulative offset amounts of L2 and L3 terrace surfaces are larger in the northern end of the ruptures. This implies that the subsurface coseismic slip during pre-2014 earthquakes continued toward the north, similar to that during the 2014 earthquake. In addition, both coseismic slip and long-term slip rate becomes smaller toward the south, indicating that the Kamishiro area is one of the segment boundaries in the northern part of the ISTL active fault system. Further investigations of the 2014 earthquake and the Kamishiro fault are needed to understand formation of tectonic landforms, landscape development, or earthquake prediction model of active faults.</p>

DOI： 10.11462/afr.2015.43_149

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

DOI： 10.5026/jgeography.124.297

Web of Science

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tokyo Geographical Society  

&emsp;Spatial variations of hazards such as strong ground motion and tsunami inundation are a key element for obtaining a geographical understanding of natural disasters. However, detailed distribution of tsunami run-up heights for the devastating tsunami associated with the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake is not available. A GIS analysis of tsunami inundation areas is conducted from data collected by the Tsunami Damage Mapping Team and from post-tsunami 2-m mesh and 5-m mesh digital elevation models (DEM) after the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, in order to produce the Tsunami Run-up Height Map, which includes polygon data of inundation areas with elevation data at each point. Horizontal shifts of orthophotos taken just after the tsunami are corrected using a Helmert transformation. The map covers Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture, and the northern part of Fukushima Prefecture continuously at high resolutions, and reveals spatial variations of tsunami run-up heights in detail. These variations are caused by: 1) landforms at each site, such as coastal plains, valleys, bays, and beach ridges, as well as their directions and magnitudes, and 2) source locations, interference, and wavelengths of the tsunami, as implied by a previous study. The map supports examination carried out on source fault models and simulation results of tsunamis from a geographical viewpoint. At the same time, the methodology to produce the map would be useful for systematically revealing run-up height distribution, in addition to inundation areas immediately after future tsunamis.

DOI： 10.5026/jgeography.124.157

Web of Science

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本地理学会  

The March 11, 2011, earthquake off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan caused large tsunami. Tsunami-damaged areas were mapped on a scale of 1 : 25,000 based on the interpretation of stereopaired aerial photographs taken immediately after the earthquake by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. The area interpreted in this study was from Aomori to Chiba prefecture, except for the restricted area around the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Areas for which no aerial photographs were available were mapped using Google Earth and other sources. The purpose of mapping was to provide prompt basic information on the extent of tsunami invasion and distribution of devastated areas for all people taking countermeasures against the disaster. The lessons from our mapping area are that 1) aerial photographs should be taken as soon as possible after disasters and 2) a working team should be quickly arranged to map damaged areas and release the results.

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.7.214

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

名古屋大学では,東海地震等の大規模災害時の安否確認を行うため,名古屋大学ポータルを利用した安否確認システムの独自開発に着手し,2006年10月の地震防災訓練から試験運用を開始,段階的に開発しながら運用を行ってきた.本報告では,安否確認システムの現状および東日本大震災時における安否確認の状況および教訓を,システム面および運用面から整理し報告する. Nagoya University has been stepwisely developing a home-grown survivor confirmation system on top of Nagoya University Portal Infrastructure and experimentally used through annual disaster drills since October 2006. In this paper, we summarize the current status of Nagoya University&#039;s survivor confirmation system and its usage and lessons learned from Great East Japan Earthquake happened on March 11, 2011, by investigating through the aspects of system and operation.

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2011s.0.247.0

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Active Fault Studies  

The Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line active fault zone is one of the largest active faults in Japan, with a length of 150 km. The previous paleoseismological studies revealed a 14% possibility of a large earthquake in the next 30 years. The Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has initiated an intensive research project on this fault zone in 2005, in which we have conducted a tectonic geomorphological study on the northern part of the fault zone in order to predict its coseismic behavior. We have interpreted largescale aerial photographs taken not only in recent years but also in the 1940s and 1960s for examining faultrelated topography including those which have been already modified or destroyed, and then conducted a field survey to determine ages of geomorphic surfaces. We also carried out photogrammetric analyses which have resulted in our highly-dense offset data whose spatial intervals are of 500-1000 meters in average. Based on these surveys, we estimated a net-slip rate distribution along the northern part of the fault zone, and calculated coseismic slip distribution assuming that the fault zone follows the characteristic earthquake model. Largeroffset areas were identified in the Hakuba Village and the Ikeda Town. These peaks of surficial slip distribution would imply subsurface fault which generate strong ground motion. The maximum vertical offset during the last earthquake is estimated to be 5 - 6 meters. Therefore, the coseismic net slip would exeed 10 meters when we assume the fault-slip responds to the maximum shear stress. Our detailed coseismic slip distribution and the subsurface fault geometry predict a moment magnitude of 7.5 for the northern part of the fault zone.

DOI： 10.11462/afr.2010.33_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY  

We report on a correction procedure for light refraction effects at a two-medium boundary, based on the stereo view of underwater objects, to estimate underwater topography using photogrammetry. Because theoretically, no solution exists for photogrammetrically observed positions when the incident angles of light rays from an underwater object of interest to two cameras are different; approximation in solving the positions is needed. We show the feasibility of the approximation theoretically by examining the horizontal differences between the observed and true positions when objects are in line along an airplane track or when the incident angles are identical. We applied the procedure to bathymetric mapping of Shiraho Reef, southwest Japan, using a stereo-pair of aerial photographs. Comparison of the corrected depths with measured depths at 658 points showed a mean error and standard deviation of -0.06 in and 0.36 in, respectively, for measured depth range of -3.4 in to -0.2 m.

DOI： 10.14358/PERS.74.9.1129

Web of Science

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Remote Sensing Society of Japan  

Microtopography is essential for reconstructing water flows resulting from tsunami events and for estimating the resultant damages. In order to construct the microtopography efficiently, it is essential to (1) develop a high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) of the flooded region on the basis of stereo-pair images and (2) quantify the accuracy of the generated model. However, using the stereo-pairs of aerial photographs may not be feasible because tsunamis generally affect coastal regions to a broader spatial extent. Moreover, in many cases, the archives of stereo-pair satellite images of tsunami-affected areas are not satisfactory because such images are captured only when they are requested.<BR>In this study, we attempt to construct a DSM by using two single images captured by the satellites IKONOS and QuickBird for the Nam Khem plain located along the south-western coastline of Thailand, which was affected by the December 26, 2004, Sumatra-Andaman tsunami. These satellites have different satellite azimuths and elevation angles.<BR>The DSM is generated using the stereo pattern matching algorithm. We experiment with template sizes of 11, 15, 19, and 23 pixels, and from the observation of stereoscopic satellite imagery, it is found that the template size of 19 pixels is the most accurate DSM.<BR>For the DSM of the Nan Khem plain, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the elevation is calculated to be 1.32m.

DOI： 10.11440/rssj.28.265

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Association of Japanese Geographers  

The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake generated remarkable uplift and subsidence at different locations in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Previous studies revealed that a southeast tilting phenomenon, i.e., northwest uplift and southeast subsidence, occurred around the Andaman Islands. At more than a dozen points, the amount of subsidence was measured using GPS, but unfortunately there were few GPS sites in the uplifted areas, and it was almost impossible to conduct ground surveys or use photogrammetry owing to the strict control enforced by the Indian government on access to these locations. The purposes of this study wer e to determine the amount of coseismic uplift associated with the earthquake at the northwesternmost part of North Andaman Island, Indian Ocean, and to discuss why the largest coseismic uplift occurred there, considering the submarine topography and free-air gravity anomaly in the area. Reef Island, located off the northwesternmost part of North Andaman Island, was chosen as the study area for lack of coseismic movement data. Around the northwestern part of North Andaman Island, including Reef Island, the amount of uplift seemed to have decreased within several months after the earthquake due to postseismic creep. In this paper, the displacement on Reef Island was measured using satellite imagery obtained immediately after the earthquake. To measure the amount of uplift, first a digital surface model (DSM) was generated using IKONOS and QuickBird single images. Next, the shoreline change, as determined by comparing the preearthquake with the postearthquake images, was interpreted using GIS as a change in the ground height. As a result, it was found that Reef Island was uplifted by 2.2 m shortly after the earthquake. With this method, the standard deviation was 0.8 m
however, it is clear that the amount of uplift on Reef Island was not less than 2 m, as evidenced by the exposed coral reef margin in the satellite imagery. Reef Island is the closest to the Sunda Trench. From free-air gravity anomaly data, the northwesternmost part of North Andaman Island is characterized as a high-anomaly area, in comparison with the surroundings. Therefore these tectonic characteristics are expected to be related to the fact that the largest uplift occurred there. With the use of the high-resolution satellite imagery to measure ground level changes, it was possible to perform a geomorphologic analysis of the region, where the interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique was not applicable due to its theoretical limitations, e.g., its inability to capture large deformations in the ground surface. In the near future, with the increasing accuracy of satellite data, research on the application of satellite data to geomorphology may lead to the development of a much broader range of potential applications.

DOI： 10.4157/grj.81.535

Scopus

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Active Fault Studies  

We devised an easy-to-use, small, and light field mapping instrument named' Handy Station', composed of a compact laser range finder fixed on a revolving base on a tripod. This device is essentially of the same function as total stations, and enables us to measure horizontal distance, vertical distance, and horizontal direction of objects. Handy Station costs one third to one tenth of general total stations.<BR>The compact laser range finder used for the device is Impulse 200 or TruPulse 200, with precisions of 0.01m and 0.1m for horizontal and vertical distance, respectively. We read horizontal direction toward targets by 0.1 degree on 1-degree marks plotted around the revolving tables. Thus, the accuracy of measurements by Handy Station is expected much less than that of total stations with millimeter and minute precision. Handy Station also does not accurately measure distance beyond 100 meters, while total stations accurately measure distance over 1 kilometer. However, for topographic mapping in fields, we seldom need such precision, but we need more maneuverability, especially when we use such instruments in a remote place where we have to carry them for distance. Handy Station is very compact and is about 2.5 kilograms for Impulse 200, and 1.5 kilograms for TruPulse 200, while total stations with tripod are bulky and weigh more than 10 kilograms. We can use an inexpensive reflector bought at a dollar shop for Handy Station.<BR>Total stations automatically record readings that can be processed by a computer for drawing maps. On the other hand, we take notes for readings when we use Handy Station. It is recommendable to make notes and sketch maps around targets, in order to avoid misunderstanding about locations.<BR>We compared performance of Handy Station with that of total stations by mapping a part of fault scarp along the Atera fault, central Japan. Time for mapping did not differ much among the instruments. Results were processed by Excel to get coordinates from horizontal distance and direction, and then contour lines were drawn by Surfer. As a result, it is indicated that the measurement by Handy Station can produce accurate maps that are precise enough for maps at a scale of one-to-several hundreds.

DOI： 10.11462/afr1985.2007.27_17

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：活断層研究  

We conducted a tectonic geomorphological survey in the northeastern margin of the Suwa Basin (in the area between Okaya and Chino), along the middle part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line Active Fault System (ISTL). Procedure of this study is as follows; 1) aerial photo analysis and field survey,2) mapping of geomorphic surfaces and reconstruction of geomorphic evolution,3) mapping of tectonic landforms which explains the geomorphic evolution reasonably,4) measurement of vertical offset by construction of cross sections and calculation of vertical offset rates,5) measurement of horizontal offset of geomorphic markers (e. g., terrace scarps, small valleys) and calculation of horizontal offset rates. Vertical/horizontal offset rates were estimated based on offset of geomorphic markers (fluvial terraces) and ages of the terraces (H, older than 120 ka; Ml,90-100 ka; M2,40-65 ka; Li a,20 ka; Lib,10 ka; L2,4-7 ka; L3,1-2 ka). Although mapped faults in this study are similar to existing papers, different results were obtained in some areas as follows; 1) we judged fault traces in existing papers near the Suwa Taisha Harumiya which lies on the right bank of the Togawa River is not a tectonic landform but an erosional scarp,2) we judged that broad gentle slope at Suwa Taisha Akimiya which is interpreted as flexural scarp is not a tectonic landform but a depositional landform of landslide deposits,3) we judged that the (fault) scarp in Kuwabara is not a tectonic landform but an erosional scarp,4) fault scarps which lie along boundary between the Suwa Basin and mountainous area at Uehara are newly mapped,5) the fault scarp near the Chino station at the right bank of the Kamikawa River is newly mapped as certainly located fault,6) the fault scarp which deforms L3 surface in a valley bottom at Sakamuro is newly mapped. We constructed 41 cross sections and obtained 47 vertical/lateral offset rates. Based on obtained vertical/horizontal offset rate, faults in the study area can be classified into three or four segments, although we could obtain only minimum vertical offset rates in many areas. The most southeastern segment is interpreted as a main fault which is inferred to construct a pull-apart basin. The other fault segments are interpreted as secondary faults of the main faults, based on the fact that these fault segments have short length (3-4 km), and that the fault segments have gentle round shaped fault traces.

DOI： 10.11462/afr1985.2007.27_147

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：活断層研究  

We conducted a tectonic geomorphological survey in the southern part of the Matsumoto Basin and the south coast of the Suwa Basin, along the middle part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) active fault system. Procedures of this study are as follows; 1) aerial photo analysis and field surveys,2) mapping of geomorphic surfaces and reconstruction of geomorphic evolution,3) mapping of tectonic landforms which explain the geomorphic evolution reasonably,4) photogrammetrical measurement of vertical offset by construction of cross sections and calculation of vertical offset rates,5) measurement of horizontal offset of geomorphic markers and calculation of horizontal rates. Vertical/lateral offset rates were estimated based on vertical/lateral offset of geomorphic markers, such as terraces and ages of them (H: older than 120 ka, M1: 100 ka, M2: 40-65 ka, Lla: 20 ka, Lib: 10 ka, L2: 4-7 ka, L3: 1-2 ka). LiDAR method is also used for measurement of lateral offset&lt;BR&gt;Although mapped fault trace in the study area is similar to existing papers, different results were obtained in some areas. One of the remarkable results is that the Gofukuji fault in eastern margin of the Matsumoto Basin connects smoothly with the faults in northern end of the Suwa Basin. These faults have left lateral offset.&lt;BR&gt;We obtained 108 vertical/ left lateral offset rates in the study area. The vertical and leftlateral slip rates are estimated to be 0.1-2.0 mm/yr and 0.6-8.5 mm/yr, respectively.

DOI： 10.11462/afr1985.2007.27_169

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Active Fault Studies  

We conducted a tectonic geomorphological survey along the northern part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) with support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan as one of the intensive survey on ISTL fault system. This survey aims to clarify the detailed distribution of the slip rates of this fault system, which provides the essential data set to predict the coseismic behavior and to estimate the strong ground motion simulation. In order to achieve this purpose, the active fault traces are newly mapped along the northern part of the ISTL through interpretations of aerial photographs archived in the 1940s and 1960s at scales of 1: 10,000 and 1: 20,000, respectively. This aerial photo analysis was also supplemented and reinforced by field observations.<BR>One of the remarkable results by using this data set is a large number of, here 84, photogrammetrically measured landform transections to quantify the tectonic deformations. We could calculate vertical slip rates of the faults at 74 points, based on the estimated ages of terraces (H: 120 kyrs, M: 50-100 kyrs, Ll: 10-20 kyrs, L2: 4-7 kyrs, L3: 1-2 kyrs). The vertical slip rates distributed in the northern part of the study area show 0.2-5.5 mm/yr on the L terraces (less than 20 kyrs) and 0.05-0.9 mm/yr on the M and H terraces (more than 50 kyrs). The vertical slip rates of the faults located in the central and southern part of the study area are 0.2-3.1 mm/yr.

DOI： 10.11462/afr1985.2006.26_121

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：活断層研究  

The Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line (ISTL) is one of the major tectonic lines in Honshu Island, Japan, and its northern and central part forms an active fault system. As the slip-rates of active faults provide the basic information for understanding quantitative active tectonics, we estimated the slip-rates along the northern part of ISTL active fault system by tectonic geomorphological study and the aerial photogrammetric survey. We took large-scale air photographs along ISTL. When tectonic landforms were artificially modified, we measured terrace offsets using old air photographs. We described the geomorphological interpretation of deformed landforms in this paper and precisely mapped fault traces. As a result, vertical slip rates of the ISTL active fault system in this area except the northern edge have no significant changes. In the northern edge, the vertical slip rate of the east dipping fault is on the decrease, and that of the west dipping fault is on the increase. Consequently, we inferred that the west-dipping fault began activation instead of the east dipping fault.

DOI： 10.11462/afr1985.2006.26_105

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tokyo Geographical Society  

DOI： 10.5026/jgeography.124.vii

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2013a.0_100091

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2013a.0_100022

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本地形学連合  

CiNii Books

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2008s.0.172.0

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2008s.0.123.0

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2007s.0.178.0

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1141/00110482/

Language：Japanese  

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap