Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Eye movement analysis is an effective method for research on visual perception and cognition. However, recordings of eye movements present practical difficulties related to the cost of the recording devices and the programming of device controls for use in experiments. GazeParser is an open-source library for low-cost eye tracking and data analysis; it consists of a video-based eyetracker and libraries for data recording and analysis. The libraries are written in Python and can be used in conjunction with PsychoPy and VisionEgg experimental control libraries. Three eye movement experiments are reported on performance tests of GazeParser. These showed that the means and standard deviations for errors in sampling intervals were less than 1 ms. Spatial accuracy ranged from 0.7 degrees to 1.2 degrees, depending on participant. In gap/overlap tasks and antisaccade tasks, the latency and amplitude of the saccades detected by GazeParser agreed with those detected by a commercial eyetracker. These results showed that the GazeParser demonstrates adequate performance for use in psychological experiments.

DOI： 10.3758/s13428-012-0286-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

Saccade trajectory often curves away from a previously attended, inhibited location. A recent study of curved saccades showed that an inhibitory effect prevents ineffective reexamination during serial visual search. The time course of this effect differs from that of a similar inhibitory effect, known as inhibition of return (IOR). In the present study, we examined whether this saccade-related inhibitory effect can operate in an object-based manner (similar to IOR). Using a spatial cueing paradigm, we demonstrated that if a cue is presented on a placeholder that is then shifted from its original location, the saccade trajectory curves away from the original (cued) location (Experiment 1), yet the IOR effect is observed on the cued placeholder (Experiment 2). The inhibitory mechanism that causes curved saccades appears to operate in a location-based manner, whereas the mechanism underlying IOR appears to operate in an object-based manner. We propose that these inhibitory mechanisms work in a complementary fashion to guide eye movements efficiently under conditions of a dynamic visual environment.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2009.00386.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A saccade trajectory often curves away from the location of a non-target stimulus that appears before saccade execution. Spatial inhibition may prevent the saccade from moving toward the non-target stimulus. However, little is known about how simultaneous inhibition for multiple locations affects saccade trajectories. In this study, we examined the effects from two inhibited locations on saccade trajectories. The results show that the saccade trajectories depend on the inhibited locations, and the effect of inhibiting two locations on the trajectory was a summation of the effect of inhibiting each location. A simulation study using the initial interference model also suggests that the effect of each inhibition was summed up to modulate the initial saccade direction. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.visres.2007.02.009

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Psychological Association  

A recent study proposed that saccade trajectories often curve away from previously fixated locations during visual search because of the inhibitory mechanism which prevents inefficient reexamination of rejected distractors. In the present study, we examined whether visual contexts influence saccade trajectories as is the case with other inhibitory effects in visual search (e.g., inhibition of return). Computer-generated natural scenes were used as search stimuli and participants were required to look for a toy car in the scene. The results showed that the saccade trajectories were affected by at least three previous fixations and the effect decreased exponentially with the number of intervening fixations. These results are consistent with the findings in the previous study using abstract stimuli (the O among Cs search task). The relationships between saccade curvature and other inhibitory effects in visual search are discussed.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.78.512

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Springer Japan  

Neuropsychological studies of patients with damage to either the temporal or parietal region have suggested that these areas can be broadly divided into two functionally different pathways, a ventral what pathway for feature-related object vision and a dorsal where pathway for motor-oriented spatial vision (Milner and Goodale 1995
Mishkin and Ungerleider 1982). This is a reasonable separation since humans must resolve what an object is regardless of where it is to achieve object recognition, and vice versa to plan body actions in relation to the object. Neuroanatomical studies in the monkey cerebral cortex have demonstrated that parietal and temporal cortical areas are heavily connected with each other (Felleman and Van Essen 1991). Given the similarity between human and monkey cortical architecture (Van Essen 2003), it is expected that human temporal and parietal areas also have similar inter-connections. Such interconnections would imply potential interactions between the temporal and parietal areas. However, it remains unclear how deeply these areas actually interact with each other. Concerning this question, we report recent studies suggesting that illusory perception of an object location called saccadic compression of visual space affects the perception of object shapes.

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-73019-4_11

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：VSP BV  

Perisaccadic mislocalization' is an illusion in which a stimulus presented briefly near the time of saccade onset is mislocalized. The amount of mislocalization depends on the stimulus location and the stimulus onset time relative to saccade onset. It is unclear whether perisaccadic mislocalization distorts the shape perception of a single object. To investigate this problem, we asked participants to report whether the apparent shape of a triangle presented for 10 ins before saccade was slanted in the same direction or the opposite direction as the saccade. The results showed that the apparent shape of the triangle was distorted in the direction opposite to the saccade. We compared this apparent distortion with the mislocalization of a perisaccadic vertical bar, and found that the time-course and direction of the distortion were similar, although the amount of distortion was smaller for the triangle. A hypothetical explanation for these results based on the forward/inverse optics model was discussed.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Recent studies have shown that the saccade trajectory often curved away from an object that was previously attended but irrelevant to the current saccade goal. We investigated whether such curved saccades occur during serial visual search, which requires sequential saccades possibly controlled by inhibition to multiple locations. The results show that the saccade trajectories were affected by at least three previous fixations. Furthermore, the effect of the previous fixations on saccade trajectories decreased exponentially with time or the number of intervening saccades. The relationship between the curved saccade trajectory and inhibition of return during serial visual search was discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.visres.2006.07.003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Recent studies have suggested that the apparent shape of a perceptually organized object flashed immediately before saccade is not distorted although a perisaccadic flash is mislocalized as if the visual space is compressed toward the goal of the saccade. We report that the apparent width of a Kanizsa illusory rectangle flashed in the perisaccadic period was compressed as much as that of a control stimulus that did not induce illusory rectangle, while that of a rectangle with real contour was less compressed. Our results imply that the process of saccadic compression of visual space completes faster than the interpolation process of illusory contours. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.visres.2004.07.044

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW  

DOI： 10.24602/sjpr.48.2_207

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We investigated the perceived locations of two stimuli flashed successively near the time of saccade execution in a dark room. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between the flashes ranged from 80 to 240 ms. The results show that when the ISI was 120 ms or shorter, perceived locations of the flashes interacted with each other so that the perceived distance between them was equal to the distance between these flashes on the retina. When the ISI was 240 ms, this interaction was weak. These results suggest two hypotheses. Firstly, the relation of retinal locations of flashes is a strong cue for perceiving the flash locations when the ISI is shorter than about 120 ms. Secondly, the process of perceiving or memorizing a flash location requires some time. Therefore, the perceived location of the succeeding flash affects that of the preceding flash when the ISI as shorter than about 120 ms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00014-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Based on localization error for a single perisaccadic flash, eye position signal is supposed to change more slowly than physical eye position. Nevertheless, a flicker is not perceived as moving in accordance with localization error for a single flash. We carried out two experiments to investigate this problem. Experiment 1 examined how a single flash or a flicker presented before saccade was perceived. The results showed that the flicker was not perceived as moving, although mislocalization for the single flash increases gradually before saccade. Experiment 2 was a vernier test of two stimuli successively hashed before the saccade. The results showed that the point of subjective equality shifted in accordance with the mislocalization for a single perisaccadic flash when the interstimulus interval (ISI) was about 2 s; however, it did not shift when the ISI was 78 ms. Comparison between these results and previous studies suggests that the relation of the locations of successive hashes before saccade is perceived exocentrically when the ISI and stimulus onset asynchrony between flashes was short. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00318-7

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW  

DOI： 10.24602/sjpr.43.4_476

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Total pages：xiii, 591p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：v, 182p   Language：Japanese  

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Total pages：xiii, 250 p.   Language：English  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本基礎心理学会  

DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00006393934

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本視覚学会  

DOI： 10.24636/vision.22.2_131

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本基礎心理学会  

DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00005578187

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：PSYCHOLOGY PRESS  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.71.0_WS029

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本基礎心理学会  

DOI： 10.14947/psychono.KJ00004450620

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本視覚学会  

DOI： 10.24636/vision.16.4_231

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本味と匂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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