Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

本研究では,トランス脂肪酸摂取量を推定するための食品成分表を作成することを目的とした。さらにこの成分表を用い,実際の摂取食品についてトランス脂肪酸量を推定し得るか,食事記録調査結果を対象に確認を行った。23文献に報告のある280食品のトランス脂肪酸量は平均値を求め,食品成分表記載の各食品の脂質を乗じ可食部100g当たりに含まれるトランス脂肪酸量を算出した。文献に報告のない食品の内,312食品は置き換え法にて対応,計592食品のトランス脂肪酸含有量を決定した。その食品成分表を用い,糖尿病境界型の男女35名が実施した食事記録から1日平均のトランス脂肪酸摂取量を算出した。本対象集団が摂取していた可食部100g当たりの脂質量が1g以上の食品延べ4,539食品の内,4,535食品(99.9%)のトランス脂肪酸量が算出し得,1日当たりの平均トランス脂肪酸摂取量は0.66g(エネルギー比率:0.33%)であった。本成分表は,置き換え法による食品数の占める割合が高いこと等の限界に留意する必要があるものの,多数の食品に対して数値を求めていることから,異なる日本人集団や食事記録以外の食事調査法での応用も可能なものと考える。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

本研究では,トランス脂肪酸摂取量を推定するための食品成分表を作成することを目的とした。さらにこの成分表を用い,実際の摂取食品についてトランス脂肪酸量を推定し得るか,食事記録調査結果を対象に確認を行った。23文献に報告のある280食品のトランス脂肪酸量は平均値を求め,食品成分表記載の各食品の脂質を乗じ可食部100g当たりに含まれるトランス脂肪酸量を算出した。文献に報告のない食品の内,312食品は置き換え法にて対応,計592食品のトランス脂肪酸含有量を決定した。その食品成分表を用い,糖尿病境界型の男女35名が実施した食事記録から1日平均のトランス脂肪酸摂取量を算出した。本対象集団が摂取していた可食部100g当たりの脂質量が1g以上の食品延べ4,539食品の内,4,535食品(99.9%)のトランス脂肪酸量が算出し得,1日当たりの平均トランス脂肪酸摂取量は0.66g(エネルギー比率:0.33%)であった。本成分表は,置き換え法による食品数の占める割合が高いこと等の限界に留意する必要があるものの,多数の食品に対して数値を求めていることから,異なる日本人集団や食事記録以外の食事調査法での応用も可能なものと考える。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01614&link_issn=&doc_id=20210422450004&doc_link_id=130008024313&url=https%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F130008024313&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_1.gif

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We previously found that equol, a metabolite of intestinal bacterial conversion from soy isoflavone daidzein, has female-specific anorectic effects. In the present study, we used seven-week-old female ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague Dawley rats to test the hypothesis that the anorectic effect of dietary daidzein may be attributed to delayed gastric emptying. Results suggest that dietary daidzein delays gastric emptying and that it has an anorectic effect with residual gastric contents, but not without gastric contents. Dietary equol significantly decreased daily food intake in the OVX rats without sleeve gastrectomy, but not in those with sleeve gastrectomy, suggesting that the accumulation of food in the stomach is required for the anorectic effect of equol to occur. These results support the hypothesis that the anorectic effect of dietary daidzein is attributed to delayed gastric emptying.

DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2020.1723404

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

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© 2019 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society. Alaska pollack protein (APP) was previously shown to reduce serum triacylglycerol and the atherogenic index and significantly increase gastrocnemius muscle mass in rats. To determine which myofibers are involved in this observed hypertrophy, we stained the gastrocnemius muscle with fast and slow fiber-specific antibodies and measured the muscle fiber diameter. We observed muscle hypertrophy in both the fast and slow fibers of APP-fed rats. Although muscle hypertrophy leads to drastic lipid changes, the amount of lipids did not differ significantly between casein-fed and APP-fed rats. To determine the lipid changes at the molecular species level and their localization, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry imaging to visualize lipids in the gastrocnemius muscles. We determined that lipid molecules were significantly changed due to APP feeding. Thus, APP feeding changes muscle lipid metabolism, and these metabolic changes might be related to hypertrophy.

DOI： 10.5650/jos.ess18193

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DOI： 10.2220/biomedres.40.97

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The promotion of muscle recovery after immobilization is important to preserve an optimum health status. Here, we examined the effect of dietary Alaska pollack protein (APP) on skeletal muscle weight after atrophy induced by hind limb immobilization using plaster immobilization technique. Rat left limb was casted with a wetted plaster cast under anesthesia. After 2 weeks of feeding, the cast was removed and the rats were divided into three groups, namely, a baseline group, high-fat casein diet group, and high-fat APP diet group. After 3 weeks of feeding, the skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus [EDL], and gastrocnemius) were sampled. The estimated weight gains of soleus, gastrocnemius, and EDL muscle in the immobilized limbs were significantly larger in the rats fed with APP diet as compared with those fed with casein diet. In soleus muscle, dietary APP increased the expression of Igf1 and Myog genes in the immobilized limbs after the recovery period.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0217917

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The new lignano-9,9'-lactones (alpha,beta-dibenzyl-y-butyrolactone lignans), which showed the higher cytotoxicity than arctigenin, were synthesized. The well-known cytotoxic arctigenin showed activity against HL-60 cells (EC50 =12 IA/I), however, it was inactive against HeLa cells (EC50 > 100 mu M). The synthesized (3,4-dichloro, 2'-butoxy)-derivative 55 and (3,4-dichloro, 4'-butyl)-derivative 66 bearing the lignano9,9'-lactone structures showed the EC50 values of 10 mu M and 9.4 mu M against HL-60 cells, respectively. Against HeLa cells, the EC50 value of the derivative 66 was 27 mu M. By comparing the activities with the corresponding 9,9'-epoxy structure (tetrahydrofuran compounds), the importance of the lactone structure of 55 and 66 for the higher activities was shown. The substituents on the aromatic ring of the lignano-9,9'-lactones affected the cytotoxicity level, observing more than 10-fold difference. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.070

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

We compared the effects of two major isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, on lipid metabolism in rats. Daidzein (150mg/kg diet), genistein (150mg/kg diet), daidzein and genistein (1:1, 300mg/kg diet), or control diets were fed to 4 groups of 6-week-old ovariectomized (Ovx) and non-Ovx Sprague Dawley rats for 4weeks. Dietary daidzein, but not genistein, reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol levels significantly relative to that by the control group, regardless of whether the rats had undergone ovariectomy. Genistein did not exhibit any physiological effects on lipid levels, but did affect genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. These results indicate that daidzein and genistein may influence lipid regulation via differing modes of action.

DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2017.1350562

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We evaluated the effects of difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) on body weights of ovariectomized rats, which are a good model for obesity by estrogen deficiency-induced overeating. Female rats (10 weeks old) were subjected to ovariectomy or sham operation and then fed with or without a diet containing 3% or 6% DFAIII for 33 days or pair-fed control diet during the same period. Rats fed DFAIII showed significantly decreased food intake, energy intake, body weight gain, body energy accumulation, and fat tissue weight than control group, regardless of ovariectomy. DFAIII may decrease body fat dependent of reduced food/energy intake. Compared with the respective pair feeding groups, rats fed DFAIII showed significantly decreased body energy and fat tissue weight, regardless of ovariectomy, suggesting its potential as a low-energy substitute for high-energy sweeteners. The low energy of DFAIII may contribute to decreased body fat, which may not be dependent on obesity.

DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2017.1314756

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To estimate the effect of methyl group of dihydroguaiaretic acid, which shows many kinds of biological activities, on biological activity, both enantiomers of 9'-dehydroxyimperanene (5, 6) and 7,8-dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene (7, 8) lacking one of the methyl groups of dihydroguaiaretic acid were synthesized. (S)-7,8-Dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene (7) showed 4-6-fold higher cytotoxic activity than all stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid (2-4). The IC50 values of (S)-7,8-dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene (7) against HL-60 and HeLa cells were 6.1 mu M and 5.6 mu M, respectively. Though only one of three stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid showed antibacterial activity against a gram negative bacterium, both enantiomers of 5-8 showed antibacterial activity against a gram negative bacterium. This is a Letter on biological activity of 9-norlignan, in which one of methyl groups of lignan is absent. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.020

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DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2015.1123603

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We previously found that daidzein decreased food intake in female rats. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between dynamics of appetite-mediated neuropeptides and the anorectic effect of daidzein. We examined appetite-mediated gene expression in the hypothalamus and small intestine during the 3 meals per day feeding method. Daidzein had an anorectic effect specifically at the second feeding. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and galanin mRNA levels in the hypothalamus were significantly higher after feeding in the control but not in the daidzein group, suggesting that daidzein attenuated the postprandial increase in NPY and galanin expression. The daidzein group had higher corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in the hypothalamus after feeding, and increased cholelcystokinin (CCK) mRNA levels in the small intestine, suggesting that CCK is involved in the hypothalamic regulation of thisanorectic effect. Therefore, daidzein may induce anorexia by suppressing expression of NPY and galanin and increasing expression of CRH in the hypothalamus.

DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2015.1025034

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Objective: Although green and yellow vegetables have beneficial effects against type 2 diabetes, the relationship of their nutritive content with insulin resistance is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations with glucose and insulin concentrations.
Methods: We recruited 951 Japanese men and women ages 30 to 79 y who were not undergoing treatment for diabetes and measured their serum beta-carotene and retinal concentrations. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda Index were calculated as measures of insulin resistance. Several confounding factors were adjusted for with multivariable logistic models.
Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of the highest quartile of serum beta-carotene compared with the lowest quartile for HOMA-IR >1.6 and Matsuda Index <4.9 were 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.94) and 0.62 (0.37-1.02), respectively. When stratified by sex and overweight status, these associations were observed for women and non-overweight individuals. Serum retinol concentration was not associated with either index. Furthermore, according to the nutritional survey, serum beta-carotene concentration was associated with green and yellow vegetable intake (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher serum beta-carotene levels, associated with higher intake of green and yellow vegetables, confer beneficial effects against insulin resistance. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.015

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We investigated the effect of daidzein feeding and estradiol treatment on food intake in cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK1R) deficiency, leptin receptor (ObRb) deficiency rats and their wild-type rats. These rats underwent an ovariectomy or a sham operation. For the 5 week experiment, each rat was divided in three groups: control, daidzein (150mg/kg diet), and estradiol (4.2 mu g/rat/day) groups. In both CCK1R+ and CCK1R- rats, daidzein feeding and estradiol treatment significantly decreased food intake. Daidzein feeding significantly reduced food intake in ovariectomized ObRb- rats, although not in ObRb+ rats. Estradiol treatment significantly lowered food intake in ovariectomized ObRb+ and ObRb- rats. In the ovariectomized rats, estradiol treatment significantly increases uterine weight, while daidzein feeding did not change it, suggesting that daidzein might have no or weak estrogenic effect in our experiment. These results suggest that CCK1R and ObRb signalings were not essential for the daidzein- and estradiol-induced anorectic action.

DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2015.1018123

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

Insects are attracting increasing worldwide attention as living organisms that produce various useful substances. Although a wide variety of bioactive substances have been identified in insects, there has been little study of the dietary effects of insects that contain these useful substances. In our present study, we describe the dietary effects of housefly [Musca domestica (Linnaeus)] pupae in the red sea bream [Pagrus major (Temminck and Schlegel)]. The addition of low levels of housefly pupae to the diets of these fish caused significant increases in fork length and body weight and produced a marked improvement in feed conversion after 24 days of feeding. Furthermore, the results of 6-month feeding trials revealed that low dietary levels of housefly pupae promote growth performance in the red sea bream. We further found that dietary housefly pupae significantly enhance the peritoneal leukocyte phagocytic activity in the red sea bream and provides increased protection against a lethal challenge from a major pathogen in this species, Edwardsiella tarda (Ewing et al). We also show that housefly pupae dietary supplements do not negatively affect the health of rats [Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout)]. Our current results indicate the great potential of insects as functional feed sources for farmed fish.

DOI： 10.1007/s13355-015-0325-z

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

(-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid (DGA) and its derivatives having 3-hydroxyphenyl (3-OH-DGA) and variously substituted phenyl groups instead of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl groups were synthesized to measure their larvicidal activity against the mosquito Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae). Compared with DGA and 3-OH-DGA (LC50 (M), 3.52 x 10(-5) and 4.57 x 10(-5), respectively), (8R,8'R)-lignan-3-ol (3) and its 3-Me (10), 2-OH (12), 3-OH (13), and 2-OMe (15) derivatives showed low potency (ca. 6-8 x 10(-5) M). The 4-Me derivative (11) showed the lowest potency (12.1 x 10(-5) M), and the 2-F derivative (4) showed the highest (2.01 x 10(-5) M). All of the synthesized compounds induced an acute toxic symptom against mosquito larvae, with potency varying with the type and position of the substituents. The 4-F derivative (6), which killed larvae almost completely within 45 min, suppressed the O-2 consumption of the mitochondrial fraction, demonstrating that this compound inhibited mitochondrial O-2 consumption contributing to a respiratory inhibitory activity.

DOI： 10.1021/jf504816a

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In our previous study, fish protein was proven to reduce serum lipids and body fat accumulation by skeletal muscle hypertrophy and enhancing basal energy expenditure in rats. In the present study, we examined the precise effects of fish protein intake on different skeletal muscle fiber types and metabolic gene expression of the muscle. Fish protein increased fast-twitch muscle weight, reduced liver triglycerides and serum glucose levels, compared with the casein diet after 6 or 8weeks of feeding. Furthermore, fish protein upregulated the gene expressions of a fast-twitch muscle-type marker and a glucose transporter in the muscle. These results suggest that fish protein induces fast-muscle hypertrophy, and the enhancement of basal energy expenditure by muscle hypertrophy and the increase in muscle glucose uptake reduced liver lipids and serum glucose levels. The present results also imply that fish protein intake causes a slow-to-fast shift in muscle fiber type.

DOI： 10.1080/09168451.2014.951025

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All stereoisomers of methoxybutane and fluorobutane type of 1,7-seco-2,7'-cyclolignane were synthesized and cytotoxic activities of these compounds were compared with those of all stereoisomers of butane and butanol type compounds. Both enantiomers of butane type secocyclolignane showed higher cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 16-20 mu M) than methoxy type compounds, whereas none was observed for all the stereoisomers of butanol type secocyclolignane, however, (-)-Kadangustin J showed stereospecific cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 47-67 mu M). Since (R)-9'-fluoro derivative 23 was most potent (IC50 = 19 mu M) among the corresponding fluoro stereoisomers, (R)-9'-alkyl derivatives were synthesized, hydrophobic 9'-heptyl derivative 27 showing highest activity (IC50 = 3.7 mu M against HL-60, IC50 = 3.1 mu M against HeLa) in this experiment. Apoptosis induction caused by Caspase 3 and 9 for (R)-9'-heptyl derivative 27 was observed in the research on the mechanism. A degradation of DNA into small fragments was also shown by DNA ladder assay. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.033

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

Cytotoxic activities of synthesized lignan derivatives were estimated by WST-8 reduction assay against HL-60 and HeLa cells to show the structure-activity relationship. The activities of some effective compounds were examined against Colon 26 and Vero cells. Dietary secoisolariciresinol (SECO, 1) and its metabolite, 9,9'-anhydrosecoisolariciresinol (2), did not show the cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, all stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid (DGA, 9,9'-dehydroxysecoisolariciresinol, 3-5) exhibited the activity (IC50: around 30 mu M). The IC50 value of (8R,8'R)-9-butyl DGA derivative 13 was around 6 mu M. This fact means that the hydrophobic group was advantageous for higher activity at 9- and 9'-positions. By the evaluation of the effect of 7and 7'-aryl group on the activity, we discovered the highest activity of (8R,8'R)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7'-(2-ethoxyphenyl) DGA derivative 47 showing around 1 mu M of IC50 value, which is about 24-fold higher activity than that of natural (8R,8'R)-DGA. The derivative of dietary lignan showed the high cytotoxic activity.

DOI： 10.1021/jf5010572

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OBJECTIVE: Despite the fact that the total energy intake of Japanese people has decreased, the percentage of obese people has increased. This suggests that the timing of meals is related to obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the timing of meals and obesity, based on analyses of physical measurements, serum biochemical markers, nutrient intake, and lifestyle factors in the context of Chrononutrition. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We analyzed data derived from 766 residents of Toon City (286 males and 480 females) aged 30 to 79 years who underwent detailed medical examinations between 2011 and 2013. These medical examinations included. (1) physical measurements (waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.); (2) serum biochemical markers (total cholesterol, etc.); (3) a detailed questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors such as family structure and daily habits (22 issues), exercise and eating habits (28 issues), alcohol intake and smoking habits; (4) a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups (FFQg); and (5) a questionnaire concerning the times at which meals and snacks are consumed. RESULTS: The values for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were higher for participants who ate dinner less than three hours before bedtime (<3-h group) than those who ate more than three hours before bedtime (>3-h group). The Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in eating habits, e.g., eating snacks, eating snacks at night, having dinner after 8 p.m., and having dinner after 9 p.m., between the <3-h group and the >3-h group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast significantly influenced both waist circumference (β = 5.271) and BMI (β = 1.440) and that eating dinner <3-h before going to bed only influenced BMI (β = 0.581). CONCLUSION: Skipping breakfast had a greater influence on both waist circumference and BMI than eating dinner <3-h before going to bed.

DOI： 10.2185/jrm.2887

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The cytotoxic activities of sesquilignans, (7S,8S,7'R,8'R)- and (7R,8R,7'S,8'S)-morinol A and (7S,8S,7'S,8'S)- and (7R,8R,7'R,8'R)-morinol B were compared, showing no significant difference between stereoisomers (IC50=24-35 mu M). As a next stage, the effect of substituents at 7, 7', and 7 ''-aromatic ring on the activity was evaluated to find out the higher activity of (7S,8S,7'R,8'R)-7,7',7 ''-phenyl derivative 18 (IC50 = 6-7 mu M). In the research on the structure-activity relationship of 7 ''-position of (7S,8S,7'R,8'R)-7,7',7 ''-phenyl derivative 18, the most potent compounds were 7,7',7 ''-phenyl derivative 18 (IC50 = 6 mu M) against HeLa cells. Against HL-60 cells, 7 ''-(4-nitrophenyl)-7,7'-phenyl derivative 33 and 7 ''-hexyl-7,7'-phenyl derivative 37 (IC50=5 mu M) showed highest activity. We discovered the compounds showed four to sevenfold potent activity than that of natural (7S,8S,7'R,8'R)-morinol A. It was also confirmed that the 7'-benzylic hydroxy group have an important role for exhibiting activity, on the other hand, the resonance system of cinnamyl structure is not crucial for the potent activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.067

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The relationship between antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-DGA) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-DGA derivatives. The results were identified by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis employing the Hansch-Fujita method. Some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-DGA. The compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. It was suggested that the small electron-withdrawing group at the meta-position of the 7-phenyl group is important for the higher activity by antifungal test and Hansch-Fujita analysis. The whitening activity of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl derivative 28, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl derivative 29, and 3-hydroxy-4-isopropoxyphenyl derivative 30 against A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype was also discovered.

DOI： 10.1021/jf4015526

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) in junior high school students (boys, girls who had reached menarche, and girls who had not).
Methods A total of 9,743 students (4,974 boys and 4,769 girls) in Ehime Prefecture participated in this study. We measured body mass index (BMI) and calcaneal bone mass using OSI. In parallel, participants answered a questionnaire relating to age, sex, menarche, exercise habits, milk intake, and history of bone fractures during the preceding year. To determine the factors influencing OSI, we calculated an individual standardized partial regression coefficient (beta) using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis.
Results For boys, MLR showed that BMI (beta = 0.300), age (beta = 0.260), current exercise habits (beta = 0.106), and milk intake per day in primary school (beta = 0.085) statistically significantly influenced OSI. For girls who had reached menarche, BMI (beta = 0.302), current exercise habits (beta = 0.237), age (beta = 0.140), and bone fracture during the preceding year (beta = 0.036) influenced OSI. For girls who had not reached menarche, current exercise habits (beta = 0.242), BMI (beta = 0.135), and age (beta = 0.085) influenced OSI.
Conclusions There were differences between the factors related to OSI among boys, girls who had reached menarche, and girls who had not. BMI, exercise habits, and age were the common factors related to OSI. Particularly for girls, exercise habits had a great influence on OSI.

DOI： 10.1007/s12199-012-0322-6

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE  

<b>Objectives:</b> The first objective of this study was to classify men aged 40-74 yrs with metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to daily rice intake, and the second was to investigate physical measurements, physiological examinations, blood biochemical assays, intake of food other than rice and lifestyle and environmental factors in the study group. <br><b>Methods:</b> We analyzed data from 6095 men aged 40-74 yrs who had undergone full medical examinations. The men were classified into 3 age groups: (1) 40-49 yrs, (2) 50-59 yrs, and (3) 60-74 yrs. The men were classified further into 3 groups according to daily rice intake: group 1 (≤300 g), group 2 (300-450 g), and group 3 (≥450 g). The relationship between daily rice intake and the following factors was analyzed in the three age brackets: (1) physical measurements including waist circumference, (2) physiological measurements, (3) serum biochemical indices, (4) whether or not the person was taking medication for hypertension, diabetes mellitus or serum lipid abnormalities, (5) lifestyle, and (6) consumption of foods other than rice. <br><b>Results:</b> Daily rice intake was related strongly to the occurrence of MetS in all three age brackets. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed (1) a significant increase in the odds ratio for MetS (1.461 times) for group 3 compared with group 1 in men aged 40-49 yrs and (2) a significant increase in the odds ratio for MetS (1.501 times) for group 3 compared with group 1 in men aged 50-59 yrs. However, there was no significant difference in the odds ratio for MetS among rice intake groups in the 60-74 age bracket. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> In men aged 40-59 yrs, daily rice intake strongly influenced the incidence of MetS, whereas in men aged 60-74 yrs, there was no relationship between daily rice intake and MetS.

DOI： 10.2185/jrm.8.161

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014081693

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

It was examined whether the physiological effects of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) are influenced by hydroxypropylation. Rats were fed one of the following three diets: an AIN-93-based diet with waxy maize starch (WMS) as a starch source, or this diet with 150 g of WMS replaced by either HAMS or hydroxypropylated HAMS (HP-HAMS). The activities of amylase in bile-pancreatic juice and sucrose, maltase and isomaltase of the jejunum and ileum were not affected by diet, but the digestibility of HAMS was decreased by hydroxypropylation. The amounts of SCFA in caecal content and H2 excreted in the breath and flatus for HAMS were decreased by hydroxypropylation. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by diet. On the basis of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles, the similarity in caecal bacteria population of the HPHAMS group and HAMS group was low, but that of the HP-HAMS and WMS groups was high. The amount of caecal IgA was not affected by hydroxypropylation, but those in the HAMS and HP-HAMS groups were greater than that in the WMS group. Plasma and liver concentrations of TAG and cholesterol for HAMS were not affected by hydroxypropylation. These results show that the small intestinal digestibility and fermentation-dependent parameters such as caecal SCFA and H2 productions and caecal bacterial profile of HAMS were affected by hydroxypropylation, but parameters of glucose metabolism such as GLP-1 and insulin, those of lipid metabolism such as plasma TAG and cholesterol and the amount of caecal IgA were not. © The Author(s) 2013.

DOI： 10.1017/jns.2013.5

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE  

<b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate regional differences in the standard mortality ratio (SMR) and risk factors (including dietary habits) for stroke across the three regions of Ehime Prefecture - <i>Toyo</i> (east), <i>Chuyo</i> (central), and <i>Nanyo</i> (south).<br><b>Participants and methods:</b> We obtained medical records derived from 956,979 medical examinations carried out at JA Ehime Kouseiren Medical Examination Centers between April 1994 and March 2006. We analyzed data from 132,090 subjects (<i>Toyo</i> - 47,654, <i>Chuyo</i> - 38,435, <i>Nanyo</i> - 46,001) who underwent their first medical examination during this period. To analyze differences between the three regions, we first calculated the SMR for stroke based on data from the Basic Residential Registers and Health Statistics Bureau. Secondly, we calculated significant differences in body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose (Glu), and total cholesterol (T-CHO). Thirdly, we used the Chi-square test to calculate significant differences in the percentage of subjects who consumed the following foods on a daily basis: rice, bread, eggs, fish, meat, vegetables, dairy products, and fruit juice.<br><b>Results:</b> Despite the fact that regional differences in the SMR for stroke have been decreasing, in both men and women in <i>Nanyo</i>, the mean values for SBP and DBP were significantly higher and the mean value for T-CHO was significantly lower than in <i>Toyo</i> and <i>Chuyo</i>. In <i>Nanyo</i>, the percentage of subjects who consumed rice and fish (men and women), meat (men), and juice (women) on a daily basis was higher than in <i>Toyo</i> and <i>Chuyo</i>.<br><b>Conclusion:</b> In <i>Nanyo,</i> higher SMR for stroke may be related to high SBP and DBP and low T-CHO. As background to these results, it is also thought that regional differences in dietary habits may have an influence.

DOI： 10.2185/jrm.2868

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014358078

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本食物繊維学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Using 21 newly synthesized 7,7'-dioxo-9,9'-epoxylignane derivatives having a modified 7-phenyl group, we examined the relationship between their structure and antifungal activity against plant pathogens such as Bipolaris oryzae to determine the effects of various substituents on the antifungal activity. Compared with the lead compound having a 4-OH-3-CH3O-phenyl moiety, several analogs showed higher antifungal activity against B. oryzae, including the compound having an unsubstituted phenyl group and those having either of the following phenyl substituents: 2-OH, 4-CH3O, 4-C2H5O, 4-n-C3H7O, 4-n-C4H9O, 4-CF3O, 4-C2H5, or 4-Cl. On the other hand, the activity of compounds having a branched substituent, such as 4-i-C3H7O or 4-i-C3H7, on the 7-phenyl group or a multi-substituted phenyl group was equipotent or inferior to that of the lead compound. These results as well as correlations between the antifungal activity of the test compounds and the physicochemical parameters of the varied substituents suggest that the position of substitution on the 7-phenyl group and the incorporation of substituents with optimal physicochemical properties are important for exerting the antifungal activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.078

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In the present study, we examined the effect of the type of dietary carbohydrate and the dose-response effect of betaine on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in rats. In experiment 1, rats were fed a diet with (5 g/kg diet) or without betaine, in which 60% of the carbohydrate source, based on AIN93G, was replaced by starch, glucose, fructose or fructose+glucose for 28 days. In experiment 2, rats were fed a diet with (2.5 g or 5 g/kg diet) or without betaine, in which 60% of the carbohydrate source, based on AIN93G, was replaced by fructose for 28 days. The plasma Hcy concentration was decreased by betaine feeding. The hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine was more effective in rats fed a high-fructose diet compared with a high-starch and a high-glucose diet. In experiments 1 and 2, the hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine was dose-dependent and there was a linearly negative correlation between plasma cholesterol and Hcy concentration (p=0.015, r= -0.645 and p = 0.026, r= -0.453). Plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations were increased by betaine feeding, however, the atherogenic index was decreased by betaine feeding.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

We examined whether lipid metabolism in orchiectomised (ORX) rats was affected by fructose ingestion and the amount of ingested fructose. Sucrose was used as a fructose source. Sham-operated and ORX rats were fed one of the following three diets for 28 d: a maize starch-based diet without sucrose (SU0), a diet by which half or all of maize starch was replaced by sucrose (SU50 or SU100). Body-weight gain and food intake were increased by sucrose ingestion, but decreased by ORX. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was increased by ORX and dose-dependently by sucrose ingestion. Plasma TAG concentration was decreased by ORX, but was increased dose-dependently by sucrose ingestion. Plasma insulin concentration was decreased by ORX, but was not affected by sucrose ingestion. Liver TAG was increased by sucrose ingestion and ORX; however, liver cholesterol concentration was not affected by sucrose ingestion and ORX. The hepatic activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1 was not affected by sucrose ingestion and ORX; however, faecal excretion of bile acids was decreased. The mRNA level of microsomal TAG transfer protein, which is the gene related to hepatic VLDL production, was increased by ORX and sucrose ingestion. The mRNA level of uncoupling protein-1 was decreased by ORX, but not by sucrose ingestion. Plasma insulin concentration tended to correlate with the level of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c mRNA (r 0.747, P=0.088). These results show that lipid metabolism in ORX rats would be affected by the consumption of fructose-rich sweeteners such as sucrose and high-fructose syrup.

DOI： 10.1017/S0007114511003679

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

The present study investigated whether the hypocholesterolaemic effect of water-insoluble fish protein (IFP) from Alaska pollock in ovariectomised (OVX) rats was affected by methionine (Met) addition. OVX rats (6 months old) were fed a cholesterol-free diet containing casein, IFP or IFP + Met as a protein source for 28 d. The ratio of Met: glycine was lower in the IFP and IFP + Met diets compared with the casein diet. Body-weight gain, food intake and liver lipids were not affected by the diet. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was lower in OVX rats fed the IFP diet compared with those fed the casein diet. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of the IFP diet was not abolished by Met addition. Amount of bile acids in the small-intestinal content and faecal excretion of bile acids were higher in OVX rats fed the IFP and IFP + Met diets compared with those fed the casein diet. Ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) mRNA level and faecal excretion of bile acids were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in OVX rats fed the IFP diet compared with those fed the casein diet, but not in those fed the IFP + Met diet. Thus, the hypocholesterolaemic effect of the IFP diet seems to be mediated by increased faecal excretion of bile acids coupled with decreased reabsorption of bile acids from the ileum through a decrease in IBAT and the change in cholesterol metabolism linked to the amino acid profile.

DOI： 10.1017/S0007114510005775

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Matairesinol is one of the lignan compounds found in a variety of plant foodstuffs. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of (-)-matairesinol in vivo and ex vivo by using mice. Although we found no significant differences in the IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the serum, the IgE level was strongly suppressed by the uptake of (-)-matairesinol in both intact and ovalbumin-immunized mice. The immunoglobulin produced by lymphocytes from the spleen was not activated by the intake of (-)-matairesinol. However, lymphocytes in such gut-associated lymphatic tissues as Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were activated by the administration of (-)-matairesinol.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.100781

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH PRESS LTD  

Fish protein is a source of animal protein that is consumed worldwide. Although it has been reported that the intake of Alaska pollack protein (APP) reduces serum triglyceride and body fat accumulation in rats, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. In the present study, we fed 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats a high-fat diet with APP or casein for 4 weeks. We reconfirmed that the intake of APP decreases serum triglycerides and inhibits visceral body fat accumulation in rats. We found that APP had a higher non-digestive protein content than casein, and the amount of protein in feces was higher in the APP group than in the casein group. However, the amount of total lipids in feces did not differ significantly between the groups. We also found that the gastrocnemius muscle, a fast-twitch muscle, tended to increase in weight, and that the epididymal fat weight correlated negatively with gastrocnemius muscle weight in the APP group. These results imply that the enhancement of basal energy expenditure by fast-twitch muscle hypertrophy, rather than the enhancement of lipid excretion via feces, partly causes APP-induced inhibition of lipid accumulation in rats.

DOI： 10.2220/biomedres.31.347

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The relationship between the structure of naturally occurring (7R,7'R,8R,8'R)-morinol B and its antifungal activity was examined. 3-Demethoxy morinol B showed much higher activity than the natural compound. The activity of the 4-butoxy-3-demethoxy derivative was higher than that of 3-demethoxy morinol B.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.100422

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The IgE-suppressive activity of (-)-matairesinol is demonstrated, and the structure-activity relationship of (-)-matairesinol clarified. 3',4-Dihydroxy-3,4'-dimethoxylignano-9,9'-lactone showed higher IgE-suppressive activity than (-)-matairesinol without any cytotoxic activity. Some derivatives bearing a longer and more bulky alkoxy group at the 3 or 4 position showed IgE-accelerative activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.100275

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

We examined whether the effects of high-amylose cornstarch (HACS) on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were affected by high-fructose feeding. Sucrose (482 g/kg diet) was used as fructose source. OVX rats were fed one of the following four diets for 21 days: a sucrose-based or cornstarch-based cholesterol-free diet with or without HACS (150 g/kg diet). Body weight and food intake were increased by sucrose. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were increased by sucrose and decreased by HACS in cornstarch-fed rats, but not in sucrose-fed rats. Liver total lipids and concentrations of plasma and liver triacylglycerol (TAG) were increased by sucrose, whereas plasma TAG concentration was decreased by HACS, in sucrose-fed rats. However, liver cholesterol concentration was not affected by diet. The amount of cholesterol in small-intestinal contents was increased in sucrose-fed rats, but not in cornstarch-fed rats, but that of bile acids was not affected by diet. Fecal excretions of bile acids and neutral sterols were increased by HACS. The level of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c mRNA was increased by sucrose and decreased by HACS in sucrose-fed rats, but not in cornstarch-fed rats. The level of farnesoid X receptor mRNA was decreased by sucrose and increased by HACS in cornstarch-fed rats, but not in sucrose-fed rats, as was the level of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA. These results show that the effect of HACS on hyperlipidemia induced by ovarian hormone deficiency would be affected by the consumption of fructose-rich sweeteners such as sucrose and high-fructose syrup. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.10.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

In vitro and in vivo digestibilities of hydroxypropyl starch were investigated to determine an appropriate on digested carbohydrate assaying method for hydroxypropyl starch. Hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (HPTS), with a 0.338 degree of substitution, was used as a hydroxypropyl starch source. Practically all nondigested carbohydrate in HPTS was low molecular weight and was not precipitated in 78% ethanol. The contents of nondigested carbohydrate in HPTS and in effluents of ileorectomized rats fed the HPTS diet obtained by the AOAC 2001.03 (enzyme-gravimetric-HPLC method) were almost the same, 56% and 59%, respectively. The recovery of hydroxypropyl groups from ileorectomy effluents was 98%. The AOAC 2001.03 method is suggested to be appropriate in determining the content of nondigested carbohydrate in hydroxypropyl starch.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01381.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

DOI： 10.1007/978-90-481-3892-0_57

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether water-insoluble fish protein (IFP) from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) prevents hypercholesterolaemia induced by ovarian hormone deficiency. Wistar female rats, aged 6 months, were subjected to sham-operation or ovariectomy, and fed a cholesterol-free diet containing casein or IPF as a protein source for 28d. Body-weight gain and food intake increased in the ovariectomised rats as compared with the sham-operated rats. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was decreased and faecal bile acid excretion was increased by IFP in the ovariectomised rats, but not in the sham-operated rats. Plasma homocysteine concentration was decreased by IFP in the ovariectomised rats, but not in the sham-operated rats. Liver lipids and liver cholesterol concentrations were increased and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity was decreased by ovariectomy, but not by diet. Bile acid content and the ratio of cholic acid groups to chenodeoxycholic acid groups in bile were increased by ovariectomy, but decreased by IFP. Bile acid content in the small intestine was increased by IFP in the ovariectomised rats, but not in the sham-operated rats. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and microsomal TAG transfer protein mRNA levels were decreased by ovariectomy and IFP, whereas LDL-receptor mRNA level was decreased by ovariectomy but unaffected by diet. Thus, the preventive effect of IFP on the ovarian hormone deficiency-associated increase in plasma cholesterol concentration seems to be mediated by accelerated faecal excretion of bile acids, coupled with an increase in the intestinal pool of bile acids.

DOI： 10.1017/S0007114509316153

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

The hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (HPTS, degree of substitution = 0.180) was investigated in male KKAy mice. Mice were fed a purified high-fat (20%) diet without or with HPTS (5% or 10%) for 33 d. Gelatinized tapioca starch (TS) was used as a reference. Fasting blood glucose concentrations, days 14 and 28, were significantly lower in the 10% HPTS group compared with the reference. In an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), day 28, blood glucose concentrations in the 5% HPTS group, at 60, 90, and 120 min, and in the 10% HPTS group, at 30, 60, and 90 min after oral administration of glucose, were significantly lower compared with the reference. The area under the glucose curve (AUC) for glucose in both HPTS groups was significantly lower compared with the reference. Energy intake was significantly lower in the 10% HPTS group compared with the reference. At the end of the experiment, adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in the 10% HPTS group compared with the reference. A homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) tended to be lower in the 10% HPTS group compared with the reference, whereas a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was significantly higher in both HPTS groups compared with the reference. These results show that HPTS retards the development of insulin resistance in KKAy mice fed a high-fat diet.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01276.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The inhibitory effect of (-)-, (+)-matairesinol and (-)-, (+)-secoisolariciresinol on the discoloration of dark muscle (chiai in Japanese) of two-year-old yellow-tail (hamachi in Japanese) was evaluated by measuring the X and a* values. (-)-Matairesinol was most effective for retaining the red color of dark muscle in this experiment.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.80830

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The relationship between the stereochemistry and antimicrobial activity of butane-type lignans was clarified. All stereoisomers; of dihydroguaiaretic acid (DGA) showed both antibacterial and antifungal activity. The (+)- and (-)-7,7'-dioxodihydroguaiaretic acid (ODGA) also showed both antibacterial and antifungal activity, while meso-ODGA did not show antibacterial activity, but showed antifungal activity. No activity of any stereoisomer of secoisolariciresinol (SECO) was apparent.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.90167

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The syntheses of all stereoisomers of tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofuran lignan were accomplished, and the antimicrobial activity was examined. The 9,9'-diol compound bearing (7R,7'R,8R,8'R) and (7R,7'S,8R,8'R) stereochemistry showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Listeria denitrificans and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. It was also found that (-)-virgatusin bearing (7S,7'R,8S,8'S) stereochemistry had strongest antifungal activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.90107

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

The hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (HPTS) with a varying degree of substitution (DS: 0.058, 0.091, and 0.180) was investigated in rats and KKAy mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The positive incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for glucose significantly decreased as the DS of HPTS increased. The IAUC after intragastric intubation of the highest HPTS (HPTS-III, DS = 0.180) was 55% of the IAUC of tapioca starch (TS). After 28 d, fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed HPTS-III (50 g/kg diet) than in those fed TS (P &lt; 0.05). In KKAy mice fed HPTS-III (50 or 100 g/kg diet) for 33 d, as compared with TS, there was a delay in the detection of glucose in urine and also a decreased incidence of finding glucose in urine on days 7, 21, and 28; in addition, the AUCs for glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test on days 14 and 28 were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively). The plasma adiponectin concentration and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were significantly higher in mice fed HPTS-III than in those fed TS (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was lower (P &lt; 0.01). Energy intake was significantly lower in mice fed HPTS-III than in those fed TS. These findings show that HPTS with a high DS resists digestion by a-amylase and improves insulin resistance in KKAy mice by decreasing energy intake. However, the potential mechanism by which HPTS-III decreases energy intake is unclear at present.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01083.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS  

The effect of amylose content on digestibility of starch in the small intestine and on the concentration of plasma lipid were studied in ilcorectostomized rats and in ovariectomized rats, respectively. Seven kinds of starch with different amylose content (0, 27, 54, 62, 76, 79, 86 %) were used as test starch, which contained 0.4, 5.6, 37.1, 40.2, 45.6, 36.9 and 36.1 % resistant starch (RS), respectively. Rats were fed one of test diets containing 30 % test starch with different amylose content for 14 d in ileorectostomized and for 21 d in ovariectomized rats. Food intake was not significantly different among the groups. In ileorectostomized rats, the small intestinal starch digestibility decreased with increasing intakes of amylose and RS. In ovariectomized rats, body weight gain was lower on the higher amylose maize starch diets. The concentrations of plasma TAG and cholesterol decreased with increasing intake of RS. The concentrations of liver total lipids and TAG decreased with increasing intake of RS, but that of liver cholesterol did not. There was significant positive correlation between the level of sterol regulatory clement-binding protein-1c mRNA and concentration of liver TAG. Total SCFA amount in the caecum increased logarithmically with increasing dry weight of caecal contents. The amount of bile acids in the small intestinal content and the excretions of bile acids and neutral steroids in faeces increased with increasing RS intake. These results show that starch rich in RS is more effective in preventing ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hyperlipidaemia.

DOI： 10.1017/S000711450801221X

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The antimicrobial activity of all stereoisomers of morinols A and B was tested. All stereoisomers of morinols A and B showed antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, especially (-)-morinol B which showed the strongest activity. The natural component, (+)-morinol A, and unnatural stereoisomer, (7S,7'S,8R,8'R)-morinol B, showed antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Listeria denitrificans.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.80536

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

As we have reported, flaxseed lignan, (+)-secoisolariciresinol (SECO), (-)-SECO, and meso-SECO were stereoselectively synthesized and their biological functions were evaluated. In the present study, we focused on the effects of SECOs on the regulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and identified the structure-activity relationships. Optically active SECO and meso-SECO were tested for their effects on lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (-)-SECO accelerated adiponectin production of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. On the other hand, (+)- and meso-SECO suppressed the production of adiponectin. In addition, triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was significantly suppressed by all three SECOs tested here, as was 17 beta-estradiol, when the SECOs were added to the medium during induction of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Especially, (-)-SECO strongly reduced TG accumulation. It is well-known that SECO has estrogen-like activity. Hence the estrogen-like activity of each SECO compound was assessed. Only (-)-SECO had estrogen-like activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.80393

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Language：English   Publisher：KARGER  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The antioxidant activity of butane-type lignans was evaluated. Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and dihydroguaiaretic acid (DGA) showed higher radical scavenging activity than that of 7,7'-dioxodihydroguaiaretic acid (ODGA). SECO and DGA inhibited the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid. Both enantiomers of DGA were also lipoxygenase inhibitors, but neither enantiomer of SECO inhibited the lipoxygenase activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.80461

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All stereoisomers of goniodiol were synthesized from yeast-reduction products. The C-6 chiral centers were converted from the chiral centers of the yeast-reduction products. Stereoselective conversion of the alkene, which had been prepared from the yeast-reduction product, to glycol constructed the C-7 and C-8 stereochemistry. (+)-Goniodiol and 7-epi-(+)-goniodiol showed the highest antibacterial activity (MIC, 3.1 mM) against Yersinia intermedia.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.80262

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The relationship between the antibacterial activity and structure of 9-O,9'-O-demethyl (+)-virgatusin (Virg 3) was examined. The conversion of hydroxy groups on the 9 and 9' positions to amino groups increased the activity. It was found that the 3'-methoxy group was more important for higher activity than the X-methoxy group on the 7'-phenyl group, and that the 3,4-methylenedioxy group on the 7-phenyl group was necessary for activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70783

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

Objective: Estrogens downregulate eating behavior, and soy isoflavones are known to be estrogenic agents. We aimed to examine whether the estrogenic property of soy isoflavones can affect food intake and body weight.
Methods and Procedures: Seven-week-old male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were given free access to a diet containing 100-300 mg total isoflavone/kg diet, or to a control diet, either with or without concurrent administration of estradiol by subcutaneous implantation.
Results: Dietary soy isoflavone was shown to lower food intake in female rats, whether or not the animals had undergone ovariectomy. Administration of estradiol lowered the food intake in male rats and in OVX female rats. The decrease in weekly food intake in female rats led to a reduction in their weekly gain in body weight. Dietary soy isoflavone significantly increased the concentration of serum isoflavones, especially equol (a metabolite of daidzein), regardless of gender or ovariectomy. Dietary soy isoflavone did not affect either serum estradiol concentration or uterine and didymus weights, but estradiol administration improved the uterine atrophy in OVX rats, and decreased the didymus weight in male rats.
Discussion: Soy isoflavone lowers the food intake in female rats, but not in the male animals. Contrary to the hypothesis currently in vogue, the reduction in food intake caused by soy isoflavone may not be a purely estrogenic effect. This follows from the finding that the effects of soy isoflavones on food intake and on the reproductive organs differ from the corresponding effects produced by estrogen.

DOI： 10.1038/oby.2007.68

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Tetra-substituted tetrahydrofuran compounds were stereoselectively prepared from benzylic hemiacetal in the neutral condition by employing the simple reagent, H-2, and a Pd catalyst. The stereoselective conversion of benzylic hemiacetal to two different stereoisomers of the tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofuran compound was observed. One of these tetrahydrofuran compounds was converted to the virgatusin stereoisomer to estimate its antimicrobiological activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70554

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The purpose of this study was to examine which component in the microbial protease-resistant fraction of Katsuobushi (KBR), smoke-dried bonito, is hypocholesterolemic in ovariectomized rats (OVX-rats). KBR contains two major components: oil and protease-resistant protein. Oil extracted from KBR (EX) was rich in palmitic, oleic and docosahexaenoic acids. OVX-rats were fed one of the following diets for 28 d: diets containing casein as the protein source (C or C+EX diet), a diet containing KBR as the protein source (KBR diet) or diets containing degreascd KBR as the protein source (DF/KBR or DF/KBR+EX diet). The C and DF/KBR diets contained soybean oil as the oil source. In the C+EX, KBR and DF/KBR+EX diets, soybean oil was replaced by oil extracted from KBR (EX). Plasma total- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in the C+EX, KBR and DF/KBR+EX groups, but not in the DF/KBR group, were significantly lower than that in the C group. Fecal bile acid excretion was significantly greater in the C+EX, KBR. DF/KBR and DF/KBR+EX groups in comparison to the C group, whereas excretion in the KBR and DF/KBR+EX groups was significantly greater than in the C+EX and DF/KBR groups. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was higher in the C+EX, KBR, DF/KBR and DF/KBR+EX groups than the C group. In OVX-rats fed C, C+EX or KBR for 28 d, bile acid flux into the small intestine increased in KBR and C+EX groups in comparison to the C group. The hypocholesterolemic effect of KBR in OVX-rats reflected in increased fecal bile acid excretion may be mediated by increased bile acid flux caused by EX and the binding of bile acids by protease-resistant proteins.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.53.508

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The first stereoselective synthesis of meso-secoisolariciresinol is reported. A comparison of the cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activity between meso-secoisolariciresinol and optically active secoisolariciresinols was similarly performed for the first time. Both enantiomers of secoisolariciresinol accelerated IgM production, although meso-secoisolariciresinol did not affect IgM production. Only meso-secoisolariciresinol showed cytotoxic activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70358

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The effect of dietary high-amylose corn starch (HACS) of varying dietary fiber (DF) content on plasma cholestrol was examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Gelatinized normal corn starch (G-CS) was used as reference. OVX rats were fed a fiber-free purified diet containing G-CS, HACS, gelatinized high-amylose corn starch (G-HACS), or heat-moisture treated HACS (HM-HACS) at 400 g starch/kg diet for 21 d. The DF content of G-CS, HACS, G-HACS, and HM-HACS measured by the AOAC method was 0.1, 19.3, 2.4, and 64.5 g/100 g, respectively. The dry weight of cecal contents, cecal wall weight, the amount of short chain fatty acids in cecal contents, the amount of bile acids in small intestinal contents, and fecal excretion of neutral sterols increased logarithmically with increasing DF, while total plasma cholestrol concentration decreased. On the other hand, hepatic CYP7A1 activity, fecal dry weight, and fecal excretion of bile acids increased linearly with increasing DF, while body weight gain decreased. The hypocholesterolemic effect of HACS in OVX-rats appeared to be more effective by heat-moisture treatment.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00568.x

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The effect of smoke-dried bonito undigested fraction remaining after microbial protease treatment (SDBR) on a spontaneously occurring mouse model of atopic dermatitis was studied in male 5-wk-old, NC/Nga mice. Smoke-dried bonito, Katsuobushi, is a traditional Japanese food. SDBR contains 2 major components: bonito oil and protease-undigested proteins. Mice were fed a casein diet containing corn oil (C diet) or a diet containing SDBR (SDBR diet) for 18 wk. In comparison with the C diet, the SDBR diet alleviated the increase in skin severity score and plasma IgE concentration in a time-dependent manner, and lowered leucotriene B-4 (LTB4)-releasing ability upon calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation. The SDBR diet did not affect scratching time. These results demonstrate that SDBR diet alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.53.451

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The benzyl mesylate was employed to construct the tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofuran lignan with avoiding Friedel-Crafts type of reaction. The optically pure 7,8-trans, 7 ',8 '-trans, 7,7 '-cis, and 8,8 '-cis-virgatusin stereoisomers were synthesized. The enantiomeric excess was &gt;&gt; 99%.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70236

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The benzyl mesylate was employed to construct the tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofuran lignan with avoiding Friedel-Crafts type of reaction. The optically pure 7,8-trans, 7 ',8 '-trans, 7,7 '-cis, and 8,8 '-cis-virgatusin stereoisomers were synthesized. The enantiomeric excess was &gt;&gt; 99%.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70236

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The effect of the benzylic structure of lignan on antioxidant activity was evaluated. Secoisolariciresinol (1) and 3,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)tetrahydrofuran (2), which have two secondary benzylic positions without oxygen, showed the highest antioxidant activity. Optically active verrucosin (4) was synthesized for the first time in this experiment.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70275

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The effect of oxidation degree at the benzylic position of 2,3-dibenzyl-4-butanolide and 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans on the antimicrobiological activity was examined. The highest oxidation degree at the benzylic position of 2,3-dibenzyl-4-butanolide gave the greatest activity, and 3,4-dibenzoyltetrahydrofuran showed the highest antifungal activity. The relationship between stereochemistry and activity was also examined. Both enantiomers of cis-matairesinol were synthesized for the first time, one of the cis-matairesinols showing antibacterial activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.70168

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether katsuobushi, smoked-dried bonito (KB). which is a traditional Japanese food, prevents ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia. In experiment 1, ovariectomized rats (OVX-rats) were fed a purified diet containing casein or KB. Compared with the casein diet, the KB diet reduced the plasma cholesterol concentration and apparent protein digestibility, and increased the fecal dry weight and fecal bile acid excretion. In experiment 2, OVX-rats were fed one of the following four diets: casein diet containing corn oil or fish oil (CA/CO or CA/FO), or a diet containing the digested or undigested fraction of KB after treatment with microbial protease (KBE or KBR). KBR contains mainly two components: oil and protease-undigested protein of KB origin. In comparison with the CA/CO diet, the KBE diet did not affect the plasma and liver lipids concentrations, apparent protein digestibility nor fecal bile acid excretion. However, the KBR and CA/FO diets reduced the plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations and the liver total lipid and TAG concentrations, but increased the liver total and esterified cholesterol concentrations. The KBR diet increased fecal bile acid excretion and fecal dry weight, whereas the CA/FO diet did not. Thus, the preventive effect of KB on the ovarian hormone deficiency-associated increase in plasma cholesterol concentration appears to be mediated by an increase in bile acid excretion through a promoted secretion of bile acids by the binding of bile acids to resistant proteins.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.53.225

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Antifungal activities of the optically pure (&gt; 99%ee) (-)- and (+)-virgatusin, a tetra-substituted tetrahydrofuran lignan, were tested. (-)-Virgatusin, which is a natural product, showed highest antifungal activity against Colletotrichum lagenarium. Research on its structure-activity relationship was also performed. It was shown that two methoxy groups on 9 and 9' positions and a 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl group on the 7 position of virgatusin were essential for high fungal growth inhibition. The part on 7'-phenyl group was not essential for activity. The 7'-(4-methoxyphenyl) derivative showed higher activity than that of (-)-virgatusin.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.60696

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The 7',8'-stereochemistry of the tetrahydropyran sesquineolignans morinols A and B was determined as threo via synthetic studies and by comparison of NMR data of 7',8'-threo-morinol and 7',8'-erythro-morinol. This study also confirmed that the biosynthetic process produces enantiomeric mixtures of morinols A and B. This was ascertained by comparing the specific rotations of synthesized morinols A and B with those of naturally occurring morinols A and B.

DOI： 10.1021/np060461j

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The relationship between antibacterial activity of tetra-substituted tetrahydrofuran lignans (1-4) and their absolute configurations was tested. Only compound 4 among two virgatusins and two related compounds exhibited growth inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureas and Listeria denitrificans. Compound 4 affected the growth of B. subtilis in a bactericidic manner, and its ability to dissipate the cytoplasmic membrane potential was investigated using the fluorescence probe 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide. These results suggested that compound 4 damages cells by causing the loss of the proton motive force and disruption of the cellular integrity of the membrane, leading to cell death. In addition, it was shown that the antibacterial activity of a lignan was closely related to its absolute configuration and functional groups.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.60429

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Oxidative stress is a major cause of cardiovascular tissue fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of daily doses of soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein on cardiovascular tissue fibrosis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) diabetic rats and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) non-diabetic rats as a severe or mild oxidative stress model, respectively. Glucose and lipid metabolisms did not improve with genistein or daidzein treatment. However. genistein decreased hydroxyproline concentrations in the heart. Hydroxyprolinc reductions as a result of genistein were mildly stronger than those of daidzein. Thus, genistein significantly suppressed the progression of myocardial fibrosis in LETO rats despite the insignificant changes in OLETF rats. Although a daily dosage of isoflavone was not sufficient to prevent tissue fibrosis under marked oxidative stress in the early stage of diabetes, isoflavones might promise significant clinical benefits by reducing oxidative stress in the heart during aging.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.53.48

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The cytotoxic activity for colon 26 cell line of matairesinol, oxidized matairesinol, 9,9'-epoxylignan and oxidized 9,9'-epoxylignan were examined. (-)Matairesinol (Mat 1) showed greatest cytotoxic activity (LC50 = 9 mu g/ml) of the lactone-type lignans. 7,7'-Oxomatairesinol having same steric configuration as that of (-)-matairesinol showed greater activity (LC50 = 25 mu g/ml) than hydroxy or mono-oxomatairesinol. The activities of 9,9'-epoxylignan and 7,7-oxo-9,9'-epoxylignan having same steric configurations as (-)-matairesinol were weaker than that of corresponding matairesinols. Different activity levels were observed between enantiomers.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.60353

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We examined the effect of administering an isoflavone-rich fermented soybean extract (FSBE) on the serum cholesterol concentrations in male rats and in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Dietary FSBE decreased the serum cholesterol concentrations in intact female and OVX rats, but did not affect the concentrations in male rats. Dietary FSBE increased the hepatic total and esterified cholesterol contents in the intact female rats, but decreased them in the OVX rats. This hypocholesterolemic effect was not a simple estrogenic effect because it has appeared in some reports that estrogen administration decreased serum cholesterol both male and female rats. Dietary FSBE increased the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene expression in the intact female rats as has previously been reported from many studies, but did not affect that of the OVX rats. Further investigation is needed into the hypocholesterolemic mechanism of FSBE.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.50008

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

The effect of dietary high amylose cornstarct (HACS) on plasma lipids was studied in ovariectomized rats (OVX-rats). OVX-rats were fed cholesterol-free purified diets containing either 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or 30%HACS as a percentage of total carbohydrate for 28 d. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration and apparent starch digestibility were found to decrease as the dietary level of HACS increased. On the other hand, the amount of small intestinal bile acids, cecal tissue weight, the amount of cecal short-chain fatty acids, primary:secondary ration of fecal bile acids, and fecal weight were found to increase. However, plasma total cholesterol concentration, excretion of fecal bile acids, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, liver lipids, body weight gain, liver weight, and the weight of cecal contents were not affected by the diets. The amount of propionic acid in the cecal content increased as the dietary level of HACS increased. HACS might lower lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue and lower very low density lipoprotein secretion by increased. HACS might lower lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue and lower very low density lipoprotein secretion by increasing propionic acid production, consequently leading to a decreased plasma TAG concentration.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00034.x

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We evaluated the body energy accumulation as fat and protein from ingestion of difructose anhydride III (DFAIII). Male Wistar rats were fed 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g per d of sucrose or DFAIII added to a 7 g of basal diet for 20d. Supplements of DFAIII did not increase whole body or peripheral fat or total body energy, whereas sucrose increased them in a dose-dependent manner. Dose-dependent increases in body water were observed in both groups. The body protein was influenced by the dose of sugars. The estimated available energy value of DFAIII was 0.263kcal per gram; this value is one-fifteenth that of sucrose. Ingestion of DFAIII dose-dependently increased the cecal SCFA pool. DFAIII was not detected in feces, showing complete degradation of DFAIII in the intestine. These results indicate that DFAIII is a fermentable saccharide with quite low available energy for fat accumulation.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.50666

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The purpose of this Study was to examine whether retrograded tapioca starch (RS3-tapioca) prevents ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia. Six-month-old Wistar female rats were subjected to sham-operation or ovariectomy. and fed a cholesterol-free purified diet with or without RS3-tapioca (150 g/kg diet) instead of digestible cornstarch for 28 d. Body weight gain and food intake increased in ovariectomized rats (OVX-rats). Plasma total cholesterol concentration was lowered by RS3-tapioca in OVX rats, but not in sham-operated rats. Liver lipids increased in OVX-rats, but liver cholesterol concentration was not affected by ovariectomy and RS3-tapioca. CYP7A1 activity. Small intestinal and cecal bile acid content. and fecal bile acid excretion were increased by RS3-tapioca. The ratio of cholic acid groups to chenodeoxycholic acid groups in the bile acid of the small intestine was increased by RS3-tapioca. Thus, the preventive effect of RS3-tapioca on the ovarian hormone deficiency-associated increase in plasma cholesterol concentration appears to be mediated by accelerated fecal excretion of bile acid and an increase in the intestinal pool of bile acid.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We studied the effect of taurine on ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia in 6-month-old, ovariectomized rats fed with coconut oil. Rats were fed 1 of 4 diets for 28 days: purified diet based on coconut oil without or with taurine (10, 30, or 50 g/kg, called the C, 10T, 30T and 50T diets, respectively). Coconut oil is rich in lauric and myristic acids, which are saturated fatty acids that reduce the level of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor activity. Plasma cholesterol level was not affected by the diet. The low-density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA levels in the liver increased by feeding the 50T diet compared with the C diet. As the dietary level of taurine increased, the levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and fecal bile acids excretion logarithmically increased. Our results showed that taurine increased fecal bile acids excretion but did not prevent ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats fed with coconut oil. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.04.003

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The physiological effects of hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate (HDP) were examined in rats. Male rats were fed a fiber-free purified diet containing gelatinized potato starch (PS, 50 g/kg diet) that was not modified chemically or gelatinized, chemically modified potato starch (CMS, 50 g/kg diet) for 21 d. PS was used as the control. Six kinds of gelatinized HDP from potato with 2 different degrees of hydroxypropylation and 3 different degrees of cross-linking were used as CMS. The wet weight and moisture of the fecal output of the rats fed highly hydroxypropylated HDP was 70% and 30% greater, respectively, than that in the control rats. The weights of the cecal wall and content of the rats fed highly hydroxypropylated HDP were 15% and 30% higher, respectively, than those of the control rats. The apparent absorption of Mg was 15% higher in the rats fed highly hydroxypropylated HDP than in the control rats. On the other hand, the apparent absorptions of Ca, Zn, and Fe were not affected by the diet. Cross-linking did not influence the above-mentioned physiological effects of HEIR Fecal excretion of bile acids and the plasma cholesterol concentration were not affected by the diet. These results show that the physiological effects of HDP depend on the hydroxypropylation but not the cross-linking.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb08920.x

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The radical and superoxide scavenging activities of oxidized matairesinols were examined. It could be assumed that the free benzylic position was important for higher radical scavenging activity. The different level of activity was observed between 7′-oxomatairesinol (Mat 2) and 7-oxomatairesinol (Mat 3). The activity of 8-hydroxymatairesinol was lower than that of matairesinol (Mat 1). The superoxide scavenging activity of the oxidized matairesinols was also demonstrated for the first time. It is assumed that the pKa value of phenol in the oxidized matairesinols affected this activity.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.60096

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DOI： 10.1271/bbb.60096

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

The hypocholesterolemic effects of smoke-dried bonito undigested fractions remaining after microbial proteases treatment (SDBR), SDBR undigested fractions remaining after pepsin treatment (P-SDBR), SDBR undigested fractions remaining after alcalase treatment, (A-SDBR), and defatted A-SDBR (A-SDBR/DF) were studied in 6-month-old, ovariectomized rats. Casein was used as the control. Smoke-dried bonito, Katsuobushi, is a traditional Japanese food. SDBR, P-SDBR, and A-SDBR contain mainly 2 components: bonito off and protease-undigested proteins. In comparison with casein, SDBR, P-SDBR, and A-SDBR decreased plasma cholesterol concentration and increased fecal bile acid excretion and fecal output, whereas A-SDBR/DF increased fecal bile acid excretion and fecal output, but did not decrease plasma cholesterol concentration. In addition, SDBR, P-SDBR, and A-SDBR, when compared with casein, decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration and increased hepatic total lipid concentration, free cholesterol, and TG concentrations and CYP7A1 mRNA levels. Yet, these effects were not observed in rats fed A-SDBR/DF. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of SDBR, P-SDBR, and A-SDBR is mediated by an increase in bile acid excretion through a combination of promoted secretion of bile acids by bonito oil and binding of bile acids to resistant proteins. The hypotriglyceridemic effect may be mediated by reduced hepatic TG synthesis and secretion due to the intake of bonito oil.

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The first highly enantioselective syntheses of tetra-substituted tetrahydrofuran lignan, (-)- and (+)-virgatusin, were achieved. Hemiacetal 15 was stereoselectively obtained from Evans's syn-aldol product 8 as a single isomer. This hemiacetal 15 was converted to (-)-virgatusin via hydrogenolysis. (+)-Virgatusin was also synthesized through the same process. The enantiomeric excess of the both enantiomers was determined as more than 99% ee. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.

DOI： 10.1039/b501151e

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Modulation of the activity and content of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) in hepatic microsomes may be important to human health since these enzymes activate and inactivate a wide range of xenobiotics and food components. Regulation of the inducibility of most CYPs involves transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional mRNA stabilization. We examined in the present study the effect of dietary soy isoflavone (0-300 mg of isoflavone/kg of diet) on the mRNA abundance of rat hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2C11, CYP2E1, CYP3A1, CYP3A2 and CYP4A1 by quantitative competitive RT-PCR and real-time monitored RTPCR. A fermented soy extract containing 155 mg/g of genistein, 127 mg/g of daidzein, and other minor isoflavones was used as the isoflavone source. The dietary soy isoflavone had no affect on the hepatic mRNA abundance of these CYPs. The results by both methods were well matched and indicate that the dietary soy isoflavone did not cause the induction of CYPs by transcriptional step-up regulation or post-transcriptional mRNA stabilization.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.68.508

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We studied whether the type of dietary fatty acid influences the preventive effect of taurine on the ovarian hormone deficiency-induced increase in plasma cholesterol concentration in 6-mo-old ovariectomized rats. Rats were fed one of the following four diets for 28 d: purified diets based on corn oil, which is rich in linoleic acid, with or with out taurine (50 g/kg) or purified diets based on coconut oil, which is rich in lauric and myristic acids, with or without taurine. Body mass gain, food intake, liver weight and plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, LDL and VLDL concentrations were not affected by the diets. On the other hand, taurine lowered the plasma total cholesterol concentration (P &lt; 0.02) in rats fed corn oil, but not in those fed coconut oil. In rats fed both types of oils, taurine increased the LDL receptor mRNA level (P &lt; 0.01), hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity (P &lt; 0.01) and fecal bile acid excretion (P &lt; 0.01). Taurine increased the HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level (P &lt; 0.02) in the liver of rats fed coconut oil, but not in those fed corn oil. Taurine increased liver total lipid (P &lt; 0.05) and triglyceride (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations in rats fed corn oil, but not in those fed coconut oil. These results indicate that the effect of taurine on ovarian hormone deficiency-induced changes in cholesterol metabolism is influenced by the type of dietary fatty acids.

DOI： 10.1093/jn/133.8.2616

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The bioavailability of iron from ferrous sulfate (Fell-S), heme iron prepared from hemoglobin (HIP), and bonito dark muscle (BDM) was assessed in anemic rats using a hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) method. Freeze-dried BDM (FD), boiled and freeze-dried BDIVI (B/FD), and boiled and smoke-dried BDM (B/SD) were used as BDIVI source. Rats were made anemic by feeding on an iron-deficient diet for 28 days. To replete their iron levels, anemic rats were then fed on a diet containing iron at a level of 17 ppm for 14 days. Rats receiving Fell-S gained significantly more weight and had greater food intake and higher HRE compared to the other four groups. The bioavailability of iron from HIP was poor compared with that from Fell-S and BDIVI. When the HRE of rats fed Fell-S was 100, that of rats fed BDF was similar to80. These results suggest that BMD is an effective dietary source of iron.

DOI： 10.1021/jf021246l

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We examined the effect of dietary taurine on the concentrations of serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein in lipoprotein fractions of Six-month-old ovariectomized, which were used as a model of hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal woman, or sham operated rats. Taurine significantly reduced the serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations only in the ovariectomized rats. In contrast, taurine significantly lowered the serum apolipoprotein B concentration and serum very low-density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein E concentration only in the sham operated rats. The serum total and high density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein E concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed taurine than in those fed the control diet regardless of whether they had undergone ovariectomy. The esterified cholesterol level in the liver was significantly lower and the level of hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity was significantly higher in the rats fed taurine than in those fed the control diet. The total bile acids concentration in the feces and intestinal contents of rats fed taurine were significantly higher than those in rats fed the control diet regardless of whether they had undergone ovariectomy. In the sham-rats, taurine accelerated bile acid synthesis and excretion, thereby increasing cholesterol consumption. The increased cholesterol consumption might be compensated by accelerating cholesterol synthesis and/or reducing the synthesis and release of very low-density lipoprotein from the liver. But in the ovariectomized rats, although taurine also accelerated bile acid synthesis and excretion, cholesterol demand might be compensated by excess cholesterol in the blood. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00223-1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST NUTRITION  

Sham-operated and cecectomized rats were fed for 21 d a cholesterol-free purified diet containing (200 g/kg) either normal cornstarch (CS) or high amylose cornstarch (HACS). In both types of rats, those fed the HACS diet had a significantly lower plasma total cholesterol concentration and a significantly larger intestinal bile acid pool than those fed the CS diet. In cecectomized rats, those fed the HACS diet had significantly lower plasma HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations, a significantly greater fecal bile acid excretion and a significantly lower hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase mRNA concentration than those fed the CS diet. The plasma triglyceride concentration and LDL-receptor mRNA concentration were not affected by the diet or cecectomy. In sham-operated rats, the propionate concentration in the cecal contents was significantly greater in those fed the HACS diet than in those fed the CS diet. Compared with sham-operated rats, cecectomized rats had significantly enhanced cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity. In intact rats, biliary bile acid flux into the small intestine was significantly greater in those fed the HACS diet than in those fed the CS diet. Thus, the hypocholesterolemic effect of HACS appears to be mediated by accelerated fecal excretion of bile acids and increases in the intestinal pool and biliary flux of bile acids, and not by cecal fermentation products.

DOI： 10.1093/jn/132.9.2519

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The effect of sugar beet fiber (SBF) in reducing the ovariectomy-induced elevation in plasma cholesterol concentration was studied in 6-week-old, female ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Rats were subject to ovariectomy or sharp operation, and fed a fiber-free diet (FF diet) or FF diet containing SBF (100 g/kg diet, SBF diet) for 42 days. The food intake, intake of nutrient fraction, body weight gain and liver weight were significantly higher in the ovx-rats than in the sham-operated rats. Among the ovx-rats, the plasma total and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (by 29% and 47%, respectively) in those fed the SBF diet than in those fed the FF diet. The following parameters among the ovx-rats were significantly higher in those fed the SBF diet than in those fed the FF diet: cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity, fecal excretion of bile acids, and cecal pool of propionic acid. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00379-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST NUTRITION  

To examine whether the physiologic effects of high amylose cornstarch (HACS) are affected by gelatinization or heat moisture treatment, male rats were fed for 21 d a fiber-free purified diet containing 40 g/100 g gelatinized normal cornstarch (G-CS), HACS, gelatinized high amylose cornstarch (G-HACS) or heat moisture-treated HACS(HMCS). Dietary fiber (DF) content in G-HACS was 87% lower than that in HACS. The apparent starch and protein digestibilities were higher in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. Fecal wet weight and fecal bile acid excretion were lower in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. The cecal tissue weight, cecal surface area, cecal content weight and cecal pH were lower in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. The cecal n-butyric acid and succinic acid concentrations were higher and lower, respectively, in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. The plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ between the G-HACS group and the HACS group. On the other hand, the DF content in HMCS was 330% higher than that in HACS, but the HMCS and HACS groups generally did not differ except in cecal surface area. Dietary starch did not affect fecal moisture, fecal neutral sterol (cholesterol + coprostanol) excretion, liver cholesterol level, total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration or apparent Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn absorptions. These results show that the heat moisture treatment of HACS for the most part does not alter its physiologic effects despite the greater DF content.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST NUTRITION  

To examine whether the physiologic effects of high amylose cornstarch (HACS) are affected by gelatinization or heat moisture treatment, male rats were fed for 21 d a fiber-free purified diet containing 40 g/100 g gelatinized normal cornstarch (G-CS), HACS, gelatinized high amylose cornstarch (G-HACS) or heat moisture-treated HACS(HMCS). Dietary fiber (DF) content in G-HACS was 87% lower than that in HACS. The apparent starch and protein digestibilities were higher in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. Fecal wet weight and fecal bile acid excretion were lower in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. The cecal tissue weight, cecal surface area, cecal content weight and cecal pH were lower in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. The cecal n-butyric acid and succinic acid concentrations were higher and lower, respectively, in the G-HACS group than in the HACS group. The plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ between the G-HACS group and the HACS group. On the other hand, the DF content in HMCS was 330% higher than that in HACS, but the HMCS and HACS groups generally did not differ except in cecal surface area. Dietary starch did not affect fecal moisture, fecal neutral sterol (cholesterol + coprostanol) excretion, liver cholesterol level, total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration or apparent Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn absorptions. These results show that the heat moisture treatment of HACS for the most part does not alter its physiologic effects despite the greater DF content.

DOI： 10.1093/jn/131.10.2716

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本農芸化学会  

食品成分のタウリンは,ラットにおいてエストロゲン欠乏によって誘導される高コレステロール血症に対して改善効果を示す.タウリンの血清コレステロール濃度上昇に対するタウリンの改善効果は,内因性のコレステロール代謝の変動を介して示される.このタウリンの改善効果に,コレステロールの胆汁酸への変換の増加,及びLDL-コレステロールの取り込みの増大が関与していることは確かであるが,作用機構の詳細な現在のところ不明である

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST NUTRITION  

Male rats were fed a fiber-free, purified diet containing either gelatinized tapioca starch that was not modified chemically (TS, 50 g/kg diet) or gelatinized chemically modified tapioca starch (CMS, 50 g/kg) for 21 d. TS was used as the control. The six kinds of gelatinized hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP) from tapioca with two different degrees of substitution (DS) and three different degrees of cross-linking (DC) were used as CMS sources. The wet weight and moisture of fecal output of the rats fed HDP with higher DS were 100 and 20% greater than that in the control rats, respectively. The weights of cecal wall and cecal contents were also 30 and 50% higher in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than those in the control rats. The pH of the cecal contents was more acidic in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than that in the control rats. Fecal excretion of bile acids was 40% higher in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than in the control rats. These effects of HDP were only slightly affected by the DC. The plasma cholesterol concentration was 16% lower in the rats fed HDP with higher DS and highest DC than in the control rats. The concentrations of liver lipids and plasma triglycerides and the cecal pool of organic acids were not affected by diet. The apparent absorptions of Ca and Mg were not affected by diet, but those of Zn and Fe were 75 and 70% lower in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than in the control rats. These results suggest that the physiological effects of HDP depend on the DS but not on the DC.

DOI： 10.1093/jn/131.2.294

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society for Bioscience Biotechnology and Agrochemistry  

DOI： 10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.75.964

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The effects of taurine feeding on plasma cholesterol concentrations and fecal bile acid excretion were examined in young and aged male and female rats (5 weeks and 10 months old respectively), the latter either ovariectomized (ovx) or sham-operated. The rats were fed a cholesterol-free diet (C diet) or a cholesterol-free taurine-supplemented diet (T diet
C + 5% taurine) for 28 days. In males, plasma cholesterol concentrations and fecal bile acid excretion were higher and lower, respectively, in aged rats than in young rats, but were not affected by feeding with the T diet. In female rats, plasma cholesterol concentrations were higher in aged rats than in young rats and higher in ovx-rats than in sham-operated rats. In contrast to male rats, plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower in female rats fed the T diet than in those fed the C diet. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were increased in aged ovx-rats, but decreased by feeding with the T diet. Fecal bile acid excretion was higher in rats fed the T diet than in those fed the C diet. Thus, these data indicate that the hypocholesterolemic effect of taurine is greater in aged rats than in young rats. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00295-0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The effect of taurine and glycine on the ovarian hormone deficiency-associated increase in plasma cholesterol concentration were studied in ovariectomized (ovx) 10-month-old retired breeder female rats. Rats was randomly assigned to four treatment groups: sham-operated+a casein-based cholesterol-free diet (C-diet, sham-C); ovx+C diet (ovx-C); ovx+C diet supplemented by taurine (50 g/kg diet, ovx-T); and ovx+C diet supplemented with glycine (50 g/kg diet, ovx-G). Rats were fed these diets for 28 d and killed at midnight in a fed state. Plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in ovx-C were significantly higher than in sham-C. Bile flow, biliary bile acid secretion and fecal bile acid excretion were not significantly different between sham-C and ovx-C. Plasma cholesterol concentrations in ovx-T and ovx-G were significantly lower than those in ovx-C. Liver cholesterol concentration in ovx-G was significantly higher than in ovx-C but not in ovx-T. Cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, bile flow, biliary bile acid secretion and fecal bile acid excretion in ovx-T were significantly higher than in ovx-C, but not in ovx-G. These results indicate that in the case of taurine but not glycine, increased fecal bile acid excretion is one of the factors in the prevention of the ovarian hormone deficiency-associated increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00271-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

Mice (4-week-old, male ddy) were fed four isonitrogenic diets for 21 days: purified diet (C diet); fermented soybean (400 mg of soy isoflavonoids/kg; FSB); fermented soybean extract (400 mg of soy isoflavonoid aglycones/kg; FSBE); C with indole-3 carbinol (I3C) (2500 mg of I3C/kg; I3C). The I3C and FSB diets significantly increased the cytochrome P-450 content of hepatic microsomes in comparison with the C diet, while the FSBE diet did not. Other mice were fed seven diets for 21 days: C; C with 100 mg or 200 mg of genistein, 100 mg or 200 mg of daidzein, or 100 mg of genistein + 100 mg of daidzein/kg; I3C diet. Genistein and daidzein did not change the liver cytochrome P-450 content. There was no synergistic effect of the combined feeding of genistein and daidzein. The increase in the cytochrome P-450 content with the FSB diet depends on chemicals other than genistein and daidzein. Genistein and daidzein do not induce cytochrome P-450.

DOI： 10.1021/jf0003956

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The effect of soybean meal fermented by Aspergillus awamori on the acute lethality of acetaldehyde, pentobarbital sleeping time, and cytochrome P-450 content of the hepatic microsomes was studied in mice. Most of the daidzin and genistin in soybean meal (SBM) were converted into the respective aglycones, daidzein and genistein, by fermentation. In experiment 1, mice were fed isonitrogenic test diets with one of the following five protein sources for 28 d: casein, SBM, fermented and hot-air-dried SBM (FSBM-HD), fermented and freeze-dried SBM (FSBM-FD), or methanol-extracted FSBM-FD (FSMB-FD-R). The acute lethality of acetaldehyde in mice fed the FSBM-FD diet was significantly lower than that in mice fed the SBM, FSBM-HD, or FSBM-FD-R diet. In experiments 2 and 3, mice were fed isonitrogenic test diets with one of the following four protein sources for 28 d: casein, SBM, FSBM-FD, and FSBM-FD-R. The pentobarbital sleeping time was significantly shorter and the cytochrome P-450 content was significantly higher in the mice fed the FSBM-FD diet than the respective value in mice fed the other test diets. In experiment 4, mice were fed one of eight diets which contained different levels of aglycone obtained by varying the proportion of FSBM-FD and FSBM-FD- R, for 28 d. The cytochrome P-450 content in hepatic microsomes increased as the dietary level of isoflavonoid aglycones increased, but there was a saturation phenomenon. These results suggest that soy isoflavonoid aglycones are more potent inducers of cytochrome P-450 than isoflavonoid glycosides.

DOI： 10.1021/jf9905830

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The effect of taurine on plasma cholesterol and liver lipid levels, and on the level of fecal bile acid excretion, was examined in ovariectomized (ovx) 10-month-old retired breeder female rats. In the first experiment, ovx-rats were fed a casein-based cholesterol-free diet (C diet) or a C diet supplemented with different amounts of taurine (5 g, 10 g, 30 g and 50 g taurine/kg diet, respectively) for 21 days, and sacrificed at midnight in a fed state. Taurine reduced the ovx-induced increase in plasma total cholesterol level in a dose-dependent manner. Taurine increased the liver cholesterol level and level of fecal bile acids excretion in a dose-dependent manner. In the second experiment, ovx-rats were fed a C diet or a C diet supplemented with 50 g taurine/kg diet (C+50T diet) for 28 days, and killed at midnight in a fed state. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL+VLDL-cholesterol levels of ovx-rats fed the C+50T diet were lower than the respective level of ovx-rats fed the C diet. There was a higher level of bile acids in the cecum of ovx-rats fed the C+50T diet than in the cecum of ovx-rats fed the C diet. In the third experiment, ovx-rats were fed the C diet for 8 days, then switched to the C+50T diet for the following 10 days, and then switched back to the C diet for 10 d. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein every two days between day 8 and day 28 at midnight in a fed state. The switch from the C diet to the C+50T diet resulted in a decrease in plasma cholesterol and an increase in fecal bile acid excretion. In contrast, switching from the C+50T diet to the C diet resulted in an increase in plasma total cholesterol and a decrease in fecal bile acid excretion. These data indicate that taurine can effectively prevent the ovarian hormone deficiency-associated increase in plasma cholesterol, and that an increased level of fecal bile acid excretion is one of factors involved in the hypocholesterolemic effect of taurine. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00199-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS  

Estradiol is metabolized through two mutually exclusive pathways. 2-Hydroxyestrone (2-OHE(I)) is antiestrogenic, while 16 alpha -hydroxyestrone (16 alpha -OHE(I)) is a potent estrogen. It is suggested that a high urinary 16 alpha -OHE(I)-to-2-OHE(I) rato is a biomarker of increased mammary tumor risk. Mice were fed one of the test diets for 21 days. Indole-3-carbinol (2,500 mg/kg diet) increased the cytochrome P-450 content of hepatic microsomes and liver weight and reduced the urinary 16 alpha -OHE(I)-to-2-OHE(I) ratio in comparison with the respective value in the control mice. Fermented soy extract (100, 200, or 400 mg isoflavonoid/kg diet), genistein (200 mg/kg diet), and daidzein (200 mg/kg diet) each reduced the urinary 16 alpha -OHE(I)-to-2-OHE(I) ratio without increasing the cytochrome P-450 content of hepatic microsomes or liver weight. The combination of genistein and daidzein (100 mg and 100 mg/kg diet) did not have a synergistic effect on the reduction in urinary 16 alpha -OHE(I)-to-2-OHE(I) ratio. These data suggest that the soy isoflavonoid aglycones genistein and daidzein and indole-3-carbinol each exert a cancer preventive effect by shifting metabolism away from the production of genotoxic metabolites toward the production of inactive metabolites.

DOI： 10.1207/S15327914NC382_10

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本食物繊維研究会事務局  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

1)タマネギ繊維(DOF)の同時投与により,Fe欠乏食の摂取によるHb濃度の低下が抑えられた. 2)DOFの長期投与により十二指腸のFe吸収能力が高まることはなかった. 3)in situで十二指腸ループを用いたFe吸収試験においては,DOFがループ内でFeと共存するときにのみFe吸収が促進されることが判明した

DOI： 10.4327/jsnfs.51.87

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00084882783?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)日本ビフィズス菌センター  

ビート食物繊維はヒトやラットの腸内フローラに大きな影響を及ぼさないが,排便の促進や腸内腐敗の抑制など有用な作用を示す

DOI： 10.11209/jim1997.11.109

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science  

We have demonstrated previously that concurrent addition of demineralized onion fiber (DOF), demineralized wheat bran or powdered polystyrene foam to a basal diet containing Fe (II) in the form of ferrous sulfate (20mgFe/kg diet) significantly improved hemoglobin regeneration in anemic rats which had been maintained on an iron-deficient diet for 3 weeks. A balance study revealed that the addition of DOF improved the apparent absorption of Fe (II). In the present study, we examined the effect of DOF on iron absorption from ⁵⁹Fe-labeled ferrous sulfate solution (20mg Fe (II)/L) placed in rat duodenal loops. The addition of DOF (10mg/mL) to the labeled medium accelerated the absorption of iron irrespective of whether the rats had been maintained on an iron-deficient diet for 14 or 42 days or on an adequate diet (41mg Fe/kg diet) for 10 days.

DOI： 10.4327/jsnfs.51.87

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00084882783?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPAN BIFIDUS FOUNDATION  

The effects of beet dietary fiber (BDF) on intestinal flora and intestinal metabolic products were determined in healthy humans and rats. The major compositions of fecal flora in seven volunteers didn't change during the intake of BDF (10g/day) for 21 days. While a significant increase in the frequency of evacuation and fecal water content, a significant decrease in fecal putrefactive products, such as the concentrations of each ammonia and indole, were observed in humans during BDF intake. In the animals given a purified diet supplemented with 10% BDF, the number of strict anaerobic bacteria was unchanged, but that of the facultative anaerobes such as enterobacteriaceae and streptococci significantly decreased. The cecal amount of short-chain fatty acids in the animals significantly increased, in particular to<I>n</I>- butyric acid. In the cultures supplemented with human feces or rat cecal contents with BDF, a marked increase of acetic acid and a slight increase of<I>n</I>-butyric acid were also observed. Finally, BDF intake induced a slight change in the compositions of the intestinal flora in humans and rats and useful changes in intestinal metabolic products.

DOI： 10.11209/jim1997.11.109

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

We examined whether dietary addition (5%) of demineralized wheat bran (DWB), demineralized onion fiber (DOF) and powdered polystyrene foam (PSF) interferes with iron bioavailability by comparison of hemoglobin (Hb) regeneration rates in anemic rats which had been maintained on an iron-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Concurrent addition of DOF, DWB or PSF (90-fold degree of foaming) to a basal diet containing 20 ppm Fe (II) from ferrous sulfate significantly improved the regeneration rate of Hb, although these supplements had little or no effect on Hb regeneration when supplied together with Fe (III) from ferric sulfate. A balance study revealed that addition of DOF or PSF improved the apparent absorption of Fe (II) but not that of Fe (III).

DOI： 10.4327/jsnfs.50.251

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00084105820?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science  

We examined whether dietary addition (5%) of demineralized wheat bran (DWB), demineralized onion fiber (DOF) and powdered polystyrene foam (PSF) interferes with iron bioavailability by comparison of hemoglobin (Hb) regeneration rates in anemic rats which had been maintained on an iron-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Concurrent addition of DOF, DWB or PSF (90-fold degree of foaming) to a basal diet containing 20 ppm Fe (II) from ferrous sulfate significantly improved the regeneration rate of Hb, although these supplements had little or no effect on Hb regeneration when supplied together with Fe (III) from ferric sulfate. A balance study revealed that addition of DOF or PSF improved the apparent absorption of Fe (II) but not that of Fe (III).

DOI： 10.4327/jsnfs.50.251

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00084105820?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本循環器病予防学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)上原記念生命科学財団  

飼料摂取量および体重増加量とともに視床下部の神経伝達物質のプロファイル,血中の食欲制御に関わるシグナルを調べ,イソフラボンによる食欲制御の機構を検討した.SD系ラットを用いた.イソフラボンはメス特異的に飼料摂取量を低下させ,卵巣摘出術は低下をさらに著しくした.イソフラボン添加飼料を4週間摂取したのちの血清レプチン濃度はイソフラボンによりむしろ低下した.イソフラボン添加飼料摂取直後の血清レプチン濃度もイソフラボン摂取でむしろ低下した.イソフラボンの摂食低下効果はレプチンを介したものでは無いと推測した.ダイゼインの摂取により,これらの食欲を上昇させる因子のひとつであるAGRPに低下の傾向が見られた

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ルミナコイドとは、食物繊維、オリゴ糖、糖アルコール、レジスタントプロテイン、その他の非デンプン性の難消化性食品成分、およびレジスタントスターチ、難消化性デキストリン等のデンプン性の難消化性食品成分を包括的に定義する言葉である。ルミナコイドが栄養素や胆汁酸等の分泌物質の吸収に影響を与えていることはもはや間違いなく、糖吸収遅延/抑制により血糖値上昇を抑制する可能性や、胆汁酸、コレステロールの吸収遅延/排法促進により血清コレステロール濃度を低下させる可能性については多数の報告がある。本稿では、ルミナコイドの象徴的な生理作用である消化管内におけるミネラル吸収への影響について解説した。さらに、胆汁酸吸収の影響と血清コレステロール濃度低下作用の機構への関わりについて著者らの検討を交えて解説した。ルミナコイドがエネルギー摂取に与える影響についても言及した。

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Applicant：日本水産株式会社, 国立大学法人愛媛大学

Application no：特願2012-208264  Date applied：2012.9

Announcement no：特開2014-062068  Date announced：2014.4

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Applicant：三浦 猛, アビオス株式会社

Application no：特願2012-166000  Date applied：2012.7

Announcement no：特開2013-047220  Date announced：2013.3

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Applicant：三浦 猛

Application no：特願2012-166001  Date applied：2012.7

Announcement no：特開2013-047221  Date announced：2013.3

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Applicant：日本水産株式会社

Application no：JP2011069276  Date applied：2011.8

Announcement no：WO2012-026575  Date announced：2012.3

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Applicant：日本水産株式会社

Application no：特願2012-530734  Date applied：2011.8

Patent/Registration no：特許第5838161号  Date issued：2015.11

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Applicant：国立大学法人愛媛大学, マルトモ株式会社

Application no：特願2011-021257  Date applied：2011.2

Announcement no：特開2012-157338  Date announced：2012.8

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Applicant：国立大学法人愛媛大学, 愛媛県

Application no：特願2010-260076  Date applied：2010.11

Announcement no：特開2012-111698  Date announced：2012.6

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Applicant：日東紡績株式会社, 国立大学法人愛媛大学, えひめぎょれん販売株式会社

Application no：特願2008-223010  Date applied：2008.9

Announcement no：特開2010-057367  Date announced：2010.3

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Applicant：国立大学法人愛媛大学

Application no：特願2007-140643  Date applied：2007.5

Announcement no：特開2008-289450  Date announced：2008.12

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Applicant：株式会社ファンケル, 国立大学法人愛媛大学

Application no：特願2006-140137  Date applied：2006.5

Announcement no：特開2007-308428  Date announced：2007.11

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Applicant：国立大学法人愛媛大学, 株式会社えひめ飲料

Application no：特願2005-038095  Date applied：2005.2

Announcement no：特開2006-225278  Date announced：2006.8

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Applicant：日本甜菜製糖株式会社

Application no：特願平9-124720  Date applied：1997.4

Announcement no：特開平10-295288  Date announced：1998.11

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Applicant：日本甜菜製糖株式会社

Application no：特願平9-124720  Date applied：1997.4

Announcement no：特開平10-295288  Date announced：1998.11

Patent/Registration no：特許第3394684号  Date issued：2003.1

特開平10-295288

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Applicant：日本甜菜製糖株式会社

Application no：特願平6-301675  Date applied：1994.11

Announcement no：特開平8-133970  Date announced：1996.5

Patent/Registration no：特許第3234113号  Date issued：2001.9

特開平8-133970

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Applicant：日本甜菜製糖株式会社

Application no：特願平6-301675  Date applied：1994.11

Announcement no：特開平8-133970  Date announced：1996.5

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