Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

Many rural areas in Yunnan province, PR China, have become tourist resorts since the latter half of the 1990s. Spontaneous, autonomous management of tourist facilities by local residents has become an important priority because tourism development through the construction of facilities by external developers does not necessarily contribute directly to increasing local residents' income levels and the development of local communities. Therefore the early achievement of autonomous management of tourist facilities is required. We investigated the formation process and joint management of tourist areas around Lake Lashihai in northwest Yunnan province, where farmers of the Naxi tribe operate autonomous equestrian tourism facilities. The results clarified that they manage the horse riding facilities democratically by distributing the profits equally and selecting a leader through the electoral process, contributing to an increase in their income levels.

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.8.208

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2241/119534

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： http://iyokan.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/iyokan/997

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： http://iyokan.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/iyokan/1763

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://iyokan.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/iyokan/880

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://iyokan.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/iyokan/880

Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： http://iyokan.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/iyokan/1750

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：札幌国際大学  

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Language：English   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

This paper aims to clarify the mechanism of formation of the vegetable producing area in Okabe Town of Saitama Prefecture and the conditions of its sustainable development. The decline of sericulture and the development of vegetable production have close relationship with the change of socioeconomic environment surrounding the local community. And the improvement of agricultural management environment in this area has promoted the formation of vegetable producing area. At the level of farm household, internal farming conditions of each household had the strongest influence over the farmer's decision-making, such as arable-land area; farm labor force, especially male farm workers; and successors of agricultural management. Furthermore, when the successor got married and took part in the agricultural management, or when the head of household was replaced by younger generation, the management policy is changed and the introduction into a new management sector is encouraged. The formation of vegetable producing area in Okabe Town experienced three stages. First, in succeeding the introduction of broccoli production by an enterprising farmer, many farmers introduced broccoli one after another. Second, the individual farm households organized moderately-linked groups of farm households to secure more favorable conditions in the production and sales of agricultural products, to establish cooperative and complementary relationship between the farm households or settlements and to sustain the development. Third, they organized the Council for the Unified Shipment of Fruits and Vegetables within the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Cooperative. Thus, the individual vegetable farms have been organized spatially, and the space for vegetable production has expanded from "point" (individual farm) to "plane" (vegetable producing area).

DOI： 10.4157/grj.75.304

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tokyo Metropolitan University  

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DOI： 10.11408/jjsidre1965.69.4_371

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tokyo Metropolitan University  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：札幌国際大学  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：秋田経済法科大学経済学部  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Association of Economic Geography  

According to the 1961 Amalgamation Act of Agricultural Cooperative, there were many cases of the amalgamation among small-scale agricultural cooperatives in various regions of Japan. Furthermore, large-scale agricultural cooperatives have been regionally amalgamated since 1990, because the freeing of finance has been developed and the cooperative business has been made worse. If examined this amalgamation in detail, however, there are regional differences in the amalgamation of agricultural cooperatives. In terms of this amalgamation, Hokkaido and Tohoku areas are behind other areas. The authors paid attention to Akita prefecture, where there is few case of large regional amalgamation among agricultural cooperatives, and made clear the factors and regional characteristics on this amalgamation according as the analyses of historical and spatial processes. In Akitaprefecture, the processes of amalgamation among agricultural cooperatives were divided into three stages: the first stage before the mid-1970s, the second stage after the 1990s to the first stage, there were many cases of the amalgamation among small-scale agricultural cooperatives had a heavy debt and their business were going from bad to worse. The amalgamated cooperatives advanced the efficient business with the cutback of officers and the streamlining plan of officers and the streamlining plan of facilities, and provided a plenty of advisory and welfare services for members. In the second stage, there were cases of the amalgamation among agricultural cooperatives in the suburban areas. Although each business of these cooperatives was stable because of making a profit by the credit loan, they were amalgamated with the aim of the industrialization of cooperative business, the enlargement of raising funds, the measures of finance freeing and the development of large regional amalgamation. According to the amalgamation project that agricultural cooperatives plan to be amalgamated to 13 large regional cooperatives by 2000, the control territories of main agricultural cooperatives have been gradually changed some settlements into one municipality with the amalgamation since 1990. In the third stage, there are four amalgamation patterns of agricultural cooperatives in Akita prefecture: the large regional amalgamation, the amalgamation under the municipality as unit, the amalgamation in parts of the municipality as a unit, and the non-amalgamation. Some agricultural cooperatives have been not amalgamated with others since their foundation, because they have made effort to be developed the sustainable management with the intensive production of high-quality rice. It is characteristic of agricultural extension and home life improvement for members. In consideration of above mentioned discussion about the amalgamation of agricultural cooperatives in Akita prefecture, it is meaningless that the large regional amalgamation is developed without the consideration of regional attributes, and it is significant that the individual amalgamation is suitable for various regional circumstances.

DOI： 10.20592/jaeg.43.3_165

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：秋田経済法科大学経済学部  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

This paper aims at analyzing how the vegetable growing area in Okabe Town of Saitama Prefecture has been developed and clarifying the bases on which it is sustained. The main form of agriculture was sericulture before the 1970s in Okabe Town. The growing of fresh vegetables such as broccoli was introduced in the mid-1970s. As a result, the area devoted to growing <i>broccoli</i> in Okabe Town occupied the first rank in the Kanto district in 1991. In the present study, three settlements, -namely, Hanzawa-shinden Kami, Naka, and Shimo, are selected as the study area from Okabe Town. This study clarified the process of developing and main taming vegetable growing by analyzing the changes of agricultural management at the farm level. At the same time, the study discussed the sustainable bases of the development of vegetable growing area at the level of farm, settlement, and region (Hanzawa Agriculture Cooperative Association). From the analysis, the following results were obtained. On the whole, the introduction of vegetable growing with the decline of sericulture in Okabe Town is related to the changes in social and economic environments with the urbanization of the Tokyo metropolitan area. In general, the development of agricultural management is influenced directly by the preparation of the basic conditions for agriculture in Okabe Town. At the level of farms, internal factors strongly influenced the farmer's decision-making: these internal conditions include the area of farmland, the number of farm workers, the number of male regular farm workers and successors to agricultural management. In addition to these factors, marriages bring a new generation to take part in farming, and alternation in generations of head of household present chances for farmers to convert their form of agricultural management. These conditions are the most important factors for farmers in introducing new fresh vegetables such as <i>broccoli</i>.<br> Vegetable growing area in Okabe Town developed through the organizing of farms at different levels. Individual farms are organized into farm groups, and the groups are developed into a regional organization (Hanzawa Agriculture Cooperative Association). In other words, the vegetable growing area developed from individual farms on a small scale to an agricultural region on a largescale. The vegetable growing area in Okabe Town is formed in three stages: the first stage in which rationality of farms is sought individually, the second stage in which the rationality of farm groups is sought, and the third stage in which regional rationality is sought in order to compete with other vegetable growing areas for a share of the market.

DOI： 10.4157/grj1984a.69.4_223

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10013345739?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tokyo Metropolitan University  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Association of Economic Geography  

This paper, focussing on the agriculturally viable farms which have been grown after the high-degree economic growth in Japan, aims at considering the characteristics of viable farming and its enabling factors by comnaring the inner conditions of agricultural management in the study area, Kanahori and Taiki Villages in Tomisato, Chiba Prefecture. The results are summarized as follows: In Kanahori, which was reclaimed at the end of World War II, the inner conditions of farmers for agricultural management have the following characteristics: farmland is cultivated on a large scale and each farmer's cultivated fields are concentrated at one place;labor force is abundant;and successors to anricultural management are amrcle. Therefore, horticulture with facilities, whose main crop is watermelon is managed intensivelv. The farmers can acctuire hinher income bv their agricultural activities, which is enough for their household economy. The viable farming comes into existence in the whole of Kanahori. On the other hand, Taiki had been reclaimed through a long period of 100years from the Meiji era. In Taiki, farmland is cultivated on a small scale and each farmer's cultivated fields are fragmentarily dispersed in a few places:labor forces mainly consist of aged persons and women;and successors to agricultural management is short. As a result, the extensive agriculture is managed. The household economy of farmers depends on agrculture income to a lesser extent. Most of the farmers earn their household income from non-agricultural activities. Moreover, an original intention oriented toward part-time farming and past experiences of part-time farmer are also the inner factors causing them to become part-time farmers recently.

DOI： 10.20592/jaeg.38.2_111

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Language：Chinese  

Venue：天津師範大学水環境與水資源重点実験室  

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Language：Chinese  

Venue：遼寧師範大学都市と環境学院  

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Language：Chinese  

Venue：北京大学英傑交流センター  

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Language：Chinese  

Venue：復旦大学高等教育研究所  

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Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛媛大学  

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Language：Chinese  

Venue：石家荘学院  

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Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Chinese  

Venue：鄭州師範學院地理與旅游学院  

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