Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

According to the traffic accident statistics in Japan, the accident rate for expressway is around 10 times lower than that for ordinary road. Therefore, analysis of driver's attitudes toward driving on the expressways is essential in order to examine effective traffic accident risk communication intended to enhance the expressway usage. This study investigated the driver's cognitive structure toward expressway usage focusing on the attitudes toward the traffic accident using a large-scale web-based questionnaire survey of daily drivers. The results showed that the fear of driving on the expressway had a dominant impact on the intention of its usage. Also shown was that many drivers who refuse the expressway usage tend to overestimate its accident risk, and are more likely to have a fear of what might happen on the expressway. Furthermore, while they are highly aware that whether or not an accident occurs depends on their own driving, they tend to lack confidence in their driving on the expressway.

DOI： 10.14954/jste.8.2_a_265

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.77.5_i_985

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.77.5_i_313

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

In this study, it was hypothesized that unintentional gaze bias toward shop facades would affect preference judgments, and this hypothesis was verified in a laboratory experiment. The preference for shops to which one’s gaze is directed is increased during the walking shop street. It has been shown that gaze bias is unintentionally directed toward the target that is to be preferred just previous to the preference judgment, and it has been suggested that such unintentional gaze bias may increase the preference for the target. In this study, it was examined whether the gaze is unintentionally biased toward the preferred shop facade image just previous to the judgment of preference and the effects of unintentional gaze bias towards the shop facade image that is to be preferred on shop facade preference were investigated based on a two-alternative forced-choice task. The results shows that gazes were unintentionally biased toward the shop facade images that were judged to be preferable just previous to the judgment of preference, and that unintentional gaze bias increased the confidence of preference judgments.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.76.5_i_369

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

In this study, it was hypothesized that visual links to the river would affect attachment towards the river, and this hypothesis was verified through a questionnaire survey. In order to promote rapid evacuation of residents at the time of a flood, it is necessary to develop awareness of flood disaster prevention. In order to develop awareness of disaster prevention, it is a necessary to have attachment towards natural capital, and this attachment is developed by recalling memories that were related to that capital. Although memory in relation to natural capital is suppressed by the fear of disaster, this suppression may be reduced by ensuring a visual link to the capital. In this study, the effects of visual links to the river on residents' memories of the river and the effects of such memories on their attachment to the river were examined. The results showed that residents with fear of disasters were more likely to recall the river as their visual link to the river was better assured, and their attachment towards the river increased as they recalled more of the river.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.76.5_i_409

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

In urban areas, many people drive into narrow roads without signal lights to avoid congestion on arterial roads. This is, however, a great danger to the residents as well as pedestrians and cyclists. To solve this "rat-run" problem, it is indispensable to develop the consciousness of rat-runners.

To this end, we consider providing factual examples that the disadvantages of taking rat-tun outweigh the disadvantages. This study is based on Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, While verifying the effect of shortening the required time by rat-running, it also analyzed the driving characteristics of vehicles taking rat-run. As a result, due to the waiting time when merging to the main road and the influence of the signal system control, the effect of shortening the time when taking a rat-run becomes smaller. Besides, while taking rat-run frequently, vehicle speed tends to increase significantly when there is more congestion.

DOI： 10.14954/jste.7.2_a_354

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

Accident risk communications including accident risk information provision are important approaches to raise a driver’s awareness of road traffic safety from a long-term perspective by providing the information via various information media. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of accident risk information provision using road information boards. A questionnaire survey for a total of 681 drivers living in Ehime and Niigata prefecture. In this study, we examined whether accident risk information provision using road information boards contributes to improving accident risk information attitudes and driver safety awareness by using structural equation model. The results shows that individual information acquisition factors make effects on accident risk information attitude and driver’s awareness of road traffic safety. It also shows that the accident risk information attitude such as understanding level, convincing level and the driver’s awareness of road traffic safety improved the driver who received the accident risk information on the road information boards.

DOI： 10.14954/jste.7.2_a_175

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

Lateral viewing where the directions of the head and eyes are different and the change of the lateral viewing with time interferes with attentive visual search performance because visual attention resources are divided and coordinated into head and eye directions. In this study, we hypothesize that lateral viewing and the change of the viewing affects the duration required for visual perception of road space. Specifically, we focus on the lateral viewing of pedestrians when they cross a road and analyze the effect of the lateral viewing and the change of the viewing on the search time for a target stimulus in the road space by conducting a visual search task. The results showed that the longer the time required to search time for target stimulus in the road space, the greater the lateral viewing and the greater the change of the lateral viewing with time. The results supported the above hypothesis.

DOI： 10.14954/jste.7.2_a_119

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

This study aims to demonstrate that driver's awareness during driving at night can be improved by attentional momentum effect. Driver's ability to be aware of pedestrians is often degraded due to the inhibition of return (hereafter, "IOR"). The IOR is the tendency that exogenous attention is suppressed toward the direction to which the driver previously referred. Previous studies have suggested that attentional momentum effect (hereafter, "AME") can relieve the effect of IOR. For example, IOR phenomenon appears when driver's exogenous attention is localized on roadside stores with high-illumination intensity. Focusing on the night-time driving, this study investigates the impact through a detection task based on dual-task setting. As a result, it was observed that the target detection was delayed under IOR condition, and the delay in target detection was improved under AME condition. This result supports that attentional momentum effect led to improve the driver's ability to be aware of objects during night time driving.

DOI： 10.1007/s13177-020-00241-2

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

<p>This study aims to demonstrate that driver's detection of a fallen object on an expressway can be improved by attentional disengagement. Driver's detection of a target often delays due to vigilance decrement, which is deterioration in the ability to keep attention to a target over a long period of time. Previous studies have suggested that instantaneous attentional disengagement from a target relieves vigilance decrement. It is considered that driver's attention tends to be located on a particular point in front for a long time which could cause vigilance decrement resulting in the delay in detection of a fallen object on an expressway. This study conducts a selective adaptation task to show that attentional disengagement relieves vigilance decrement during driving on an expressway. The response time of the disengaged condition was observed to be shorter than the engaged condition. This result suggested that attentional disengagement led to improve the driver's detection of a fallen object during driving on an expressway.</p>

DOI： 10.14954/jste.6.2_A_303

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

<p>Accident risk information system aims to reduce traffic accidents by navigating drivers to the routes with lower accident risk. This study quantitatively evaluates the effect of the accident risk information provision by utilizing a dynamic traffic simulation environment – SOUND. The simulation bed is constructed to model the wide-area road network of Matsuyama, Japan. Accident risk estimation models are embedded in the simulation to calculate the timedependent route cost considering the accident risk in addition to conventional cost terms such as travel time. The simulation estimates the traffic conditions when drivers acquire the accident risk information in their route choice. The effect of the information provision system is evaluated by comparing the expected number of accidents with and without the system. The results revealed that the drivers with accident risk information prefer to use routes with lower accident risk, and the total number of accidents could reduce by up to 4%.</p>

DOI： 10.14954/jste.6.2_A_270

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

<p>This study aims to demonstrate that driver's cognition during driving at night can be improved by attentional momentum effect. Driver's cognition of a target often delays due to inhibition of return, which is that exogenous attention is suppressed orienting toward previously inspected locations. Previous studies have suggested that attentional momentum effect relieves inhibition of return. It is considered that driver's exogenous attention tends to be located on roadside -stores with high-illumination intensity which could cause the inhibition of return resulting in the delay in cognition of a target. This study conducts a pre-cueing task based on dual task paradigm to show attentional momentum effect relieves inhibition of return during driving at night. The response time of the attentional momentum condition was observed to be shorter than the inhibition of return condition. This result suggested that attentional momentum effect led to improve the driver's cognition during driving at night.</p>

DOI： 10.14954/jste.6.2_A_175

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the attentional engagement to the traditional Japanese-style street facades by memory driven attentional capture. When walking along the traditional Japanese-style streets, anyone has an experience that their eyes glued to the traditional Japanese-style street facades. Previous studies have suggested that the attentional engagement was facilitated for similar element that visual working memory held. From these previous studies, it was hypothesized that the visual working memory of traditional Japanese-style streets might cause the attentional engagement to traditional Japanese-style street facades and this hypothesis was examined by a visual search task. The results show that the attentional engagement to the Japanese street facade was caused by memory driven attentional capture.</p>

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.75.6_I_191

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

<p>According to the traffic accident statistics in Japan, accident occurrence rate for residential road is around 2.4 times higher than that for arterial road. Despite this fact, a certain level of drivers might recognize driving on arterial road as more dangerous, resulting in avoiding arterial road usage. Therefore, this research investigated the driver's perceptions toward traffic accident rate, and then analysed the impact of information provision related to traffic accident risk. The results showed that about 30% of respondents perceived accident occurrence rate for arterial road higher than that of residential road. In addition, providing accident risk information might have greater potential to enhance the arterial road usage through the correction of perception bias.</p>

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.75.6_I_463

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

<p>This research analyzes the tendency of cognitive bias perceptions for traffic accident risk on the Matsuyama urban area considering residential street. This research conducted a questionnaire survey for the drivers living in Matsuyama city area to understand not only situation of residential street utilization, but also intention of main road and perception to traffic accident risk. It is to analyze how drivers recognize the traffic accident risk for both main road and residential street in Matsuyama city. The analysis results from questionnaire survey data describes that 40 – 50% of drivers currently recognized traffic accident risk which are risk to cause, risk of getting caught and fatal accident rate. In addition to that drivers who is thinking that they can avoid the risk to cause traffic accident on residential street and the risk of getting caught tends to overly evaluate sever accident rate on main road by examining estimated parameters from ordered response probit model.</p>

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.75.6_I_667

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

<p>This research estimated the passengers' benefit accrued by expressway expansion. An integrated travel demand model which is composed of mode choice, destination choice and trip generation model was developed in order to comprehensively assess the behavioral changes brought by expressway expansion. In addition, "travel time delay"was explicitly considered in the mode choice model as an indicator of travel time reliability. The result showed that the value of travel time reliability was around 40 times larger than that of travel time savings, and the amount of travel demands such as induced, transferred and shifted traffics would be too large to ignore even if the length of expressway expansion were relatively short distance. Also shown was that the passengers' benefit attributed to those demand accounts for approximately half of overall benefit. These results indicate that the current evaluation method based on the road network assignment model with fixed demand might seriously underestimate the passengers'benefit accrued by expressway expansions and mislead the policy decision to postpone them.</p>

DOI： 10.14954/jste.5.2_A_293

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study aims to develop traffic accident risk models for residential streets by utilising probe data. Residential streets are minor access roads in residential area for the residents to reach major arterial roads. The residential streets are not designed for heavy traffic, and thus are characterised by narrow road width and the absence of traffic lights. Nevertheless, they are often bypassed by through-traffic, due to which traffic accident risk is considered to be very high. However, the residential streets are rarely equipped with traffic sensors; traffic accident risk has not been evaluated in such minor roads, which hinders designing effective traffic safety measures. This study utilises probe vehicle information retrieved from ETC2.0 onboard equipments in order to estimate the traffic volume in the residential streets. Then, the traffic accident risks are estimated for different accident types, followed by the development of traffic accident risk estimation model based on linear regression analysis. A case study conducted in Matsuyama in Ehime prefecture revieled that the accident risk in residential areas near major arterial roads tend to be higher. The residential streets in office areas and in the areas with higher population of working ages are also identified as having higher accident risks. The findings would be useful inputs in planning the counter strategies and in prioritising the areas to be improved.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.74.I_1029

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Traffic Engineers  

<p>This study investigates the relationship between driving experience and generalization of driver's stopping behavior. Previous research has suggested that an acquired behavior is triggered by positive reinforcement, and the same behavior is replicated by the same trigger in any situations once it is generalized. Driving behavior is a type of acquired behaviors, and therefore it is possible that a procedure in driving is generalized by accumulating driving experience. This study aims to relate the generalization of driver's stopping behavior to the driver's driving experience by comparing the stopping behavior in real space and virtual space presented by a driving simulator. The results showed that drivers with longer driving experience performed stopping behavior based on the same positive reinforcement regardless of the situations: real space or virtual space, which suggests that their stopping behavior is generalized. On the other hand, drivers with shorter driving experience did not exhibit the generalization in their behavior.</p>

DOI： 10.14954/jste.4.1_A_106

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This paper describes development of integrated traffic data base for traffic accident risk information provision on Niigata urban area road network. By cooperations of the Niigata National Highway Office, East Nippon Expressway Company and Niigata Police Agency, detector data, traffic accident records and road geometric design data and weather data has been integrated to be possible to compare the accident risk characteristics between different road types. Characteristics of traffic accident risk by several factors in study site has been analyzed. Results of the analysis quantitatively showed accident risk on expressway is much lower than other arterial road including Niigata-Shinshin bypass road. The analysis also showed that traffic congestion and weather condition (rain and snow fall) affect to occur higher accident risk traffic situation. In addition to that, stated preference survey designed based on actual situation of traffic accident risk on Niigata urban area is conducted to analyze route choice behavior of the driver in the study site. Binomial logit model that is driver choose expressway or arterial road in the study site is applied. Model parameter estimation results showed us that drivers tends to choose the lower accident risk road if the accident risk information is provided. Especially emphasized information such as accident risk on the road is ten times higher than the other road is preferred compared to numerical information. Moreover authors confirmed that estimated model can install into traffic simulation to evaluate traffic condition under traffic accident risk information provision, and discuss how to implement proposed traffic accident risk management schemes in the Niigata urban area.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.74.I_1419

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This study aims to reveal the effect of pavement conditions on traffic accident risk through statistical analysis. The current pavement maintenance is planned based on the road surface survey that measures the physical damage on the pavement surface. The indicators for the physical damage on road surface are good representation for the structural healthiness and the driving comfort, but they do not always measure the traffic safety levels of the pavement. This limitation hinders planning the pavement management scheme ideal in achieving safer driving environment. This study empirically analyzes the relationships between the pavement conditions and accident risk. The pavement conditions are represented by three indicators: rutting depth, IRI and cracking ratio. The accident frequency is modelled based on the Poisson regression analysis. The model estimation results showed that rutting depth could have significant impact in increasing accident risk, particularly in rainy weather, whereas the IRI shows inverse effect. For cracking ratio, the results were not conclusive, but suggested potential influence on accident risk.

DOI： 10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569285

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Insight Society  

The internal reference point of traveler's decision-making is dynamic in nature. Public transport ridership considers a decision based on the utility value of gains and losses which can be modeled by using mental accounting theory. The objective of this research is to investigate the dynamic of internal reference points for public transport ridership after implementing transport policies. It describes the decision of travelers' behavior when facing the dynamic value of the utility, whether it is increasing, decreases or stable. In this study, a traveler's behavior model based on mental accounting theory was developed. The result showed that the public transport ridership's are more likely to change their reference point when realizing gains than losses for transport policies. Furthermore, the way of public transport ridership combines the decrease and increase of the utility value showed that travelers tend to consider which gains and losses occurred simultaneously. Therefore, the integration outcome is more desirable than segregation outcomes, and revealed that mental accounting theory plays a major role in public transport ridership. This survey was conducted for the short-term distance trip, particularly in shopping trip from the residential area (origin) to Community Business District (destination) in Matsuyama city, Japan.

DOI： 10.18517/ijaseit.8.1.4162

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology. 2018. At the macroscopic perspective, traffic analysis requires the knowledge of Fundamental Diagram, which involves the relationship between the variables of density, flow, and speed. As one of the macroscopic traffic flow variables, density can be derived by several approaches. At first, the density of traffic was measured over space, which difficult to be collected mainly in the long section of the road. Therefore, the density variable was simply derived from the fundamental relation of macroscopic traffic flow variable. By this method, the individual speed and flow variable are required in the local measurement. Both traffic density and flow will apply the concept of PCU, which refers to the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual, 1997 to consider the different characteristic of the vehicle. In the mixed traffic of developing countries, providing traffic data was difficult due to the limitation of the traffic sensor infrastructures. Frequently, providing density variable relies on the sample data for speed analysis. In the present study, the estimation of density will focus on the local measurement over a time interval. By using individual data, density is proposed to be measured directly over time, in which the equation can be modified to utilize the sample data. The number of sample for speed analysis will be varied to know the accuracy and the performance of each approach in the density estimation of mixed traffic. Several approaches for density estimation will be summarized and compared each other. Theoretically, the estimated density which measured over time and space by using individual data can provide the most appropriate result. So, this estimated density will be established as an actual density throughout the study. Then, the performance of each approach either using individual or sample data will be evaluated upon the actual traffic density by mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The result shows by using the same trap length to measure the speed, the existing and the proposed approaches provide a good estimation of density either by utilizing individual data or sample data of the vehicle speed. This result was indicated by the MAPE value, which obtained under ten percent. Based on the further evaluation of the MAPE value, the performance of each approach was changed by utilizing the different category of data. In addition, estimation of traffic density which utilizes the sample data of vehicle speed has good reliability.

DOI： 10.18517/ijaseit.8.1.4172

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

According to the traffic accident statistics in Japan, accident occurrence rate for expressway is around 10 times lower than that for ordinary road, and severe accident rates for both roads are at the same levels. Despite these statistics, a certain level of drivers might recognize expressway driving as more dangerous, resulting in avoiding expressway usage. Therefore, this research investigated the driver's perceptions toward traffic accident rate and severe accident rate based on a small-scale questionnaire survey for road users in Shikoku region. The results showed that about 20% of respondents perceived accident occurrence rate for expressway higher than that of ordinary road, and around 90% of respondents answered that severe accident rate for expressway is higher than that of ordinary road. In addition, the effects of these perceptions on the frequency of expressway usage was analysed using covariance structure model. The result showed that these perception biases would significantly decrease the frequency of expressway usage, and their impacts might be unignorable compared to those of travel time and expressway toll.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.74.I_871

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Physics Publishing  

In the conventional travel behavior models such as logit and probit, decision makers are assumed to conduct the absolute evaluations on the attributes of the choice alternatives. On the other hand, many researchers in cognitive psychology and marketing science have been suggesting that the perceptions of attributes are characterized by the benchmark called "reference points" and the relative evaluations based on them are often employed in various choice situations. Therefore, this study developed a travel behavior model based on the mental accounting theory in which the internal reference points are explicitly considered. A questionnaire survey about the shopping trip to the CBD in Matsuyama city was conducted, and then the roles of reference points in travel mode choice contexts were investigated. The result showed that the goodness-of-fit of the developed model was higher than that of the conventional model, indicating that the internal reference points might play the major roles in the choice of travel mode. Also shown was that the respondents seem to utilize various reference points: some tend to adopt the lowest fuel price they have experienced, others employ fare price they feel in perceptions of the travel cost.

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/71/1/012020

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Physics Publishing  

Some traffic indices were developed to consider the existence of vehicle variance either in the homogeneous or mixed traffic. This study investigates the proper index of flow and density in the mixed traffic. There are eight pairs of indices of traffic flow and density that will be compared, in which it was varied by the concept and the measurement interval. The concept was distinguished according to the respond to the variance of vehicles in the traffic analysis, and the measurement interval was differentiated over time and time-space. The traffic was observed over a short section of a road which set as the detection zone. All pairs of indices will be applied and evaluated on the Fundamental Diagram to describe the actual traffic state in the density-flow plane. Then, the R-square of each density-flow curve will be compared. The result shows that the existence of vehicle variance in the share of traffic can be described more properly by considering the projected area of vehicles. The index of flow and density which considers the projected area of vehicles can explain the actual traffic state more appropriately by increasing the R-square of the model. In addition, the result does not provide a significant difference between the measurement over time and time-space in a short section of the road.

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/71/1/012015

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Recently, the accident rates per vehicle-kilometers is generally used as the likelihood of accident occurrence evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is considered to be proper for a traffic accident on the controlled- access roads such as expressways. On the other hand, it is assumed that the traffic accident on the highways which have intersections are occurred more frequently when the driver passes through an intersection than passing through a basic road section. Therefore, the number of times of passing intersections is considered to be more proper as the evaluation unit than the vehicle-kilometer of travel. In this study, in order to consider the evaluation unit as the accident risk on the highways, a comparative analysis has been conducted to understand how the relationship between vehicle-kilometers and the number of times of passing intersections affect the accidents on highways. As the result of comparative analysis, it shows that the number of times of passing intersections has a strong impact on the multi-vehicle accident and collision of vehicle with pedestrian than the vehicle-kilometer of travel. On the other hand, the vehicle-kilometer of travel has more impact on the single-vehicle accident the number of times of passing intersections.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.72.I_1293

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

&nbsp;Development of traffic flow monitoring technology is required at areas where are not enough equipped traffic sensor infrastructure such as Asian countries and rural cities in Japan. Data collection from vehicles having smart phone and car navigation system has attracted attention to be one of the solution for those issues since these devices are installed Bluetooth devices that has unique MAC address, and matching of MAC address can collect traffic state data such as travel time, OD traffic volume and so on. However details of characteristics of MAC address data detection have not yet known to use for traffic state analysis. Therefore this research analyzes MAC address data detection rate from Bluetooth devices focusing on the distance and angle between MAC address scanner and transmitters. In addition, difference of setting way (horizontally and vertically placed) of MAC address scanner is also considered to analyze MAC address detection rate. Experiment results shows detection rate changed by distance, angle and setting way of MAC address scanner, and detection rate is significantly different by difference of those factors. Therefore hypothesis of this study what MAC address scanner has directivity to detect MAC address from Bluetooth devices has been supported statistically. And its results also showed importance of considering directivity for data collection from vehicles installing Bluetooth devices.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejcei.71.I_40

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

This study investigates household car and motorcycle ownership behaviours in the Asian metropolises of Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur (developing countries), and of Nagoya (developed country). Mode choice models are first estimated to calculate accessibility measures, and then car and motorcycle ownership models are estimated using bivariate ordered probit models with the accessibility measures as explanatory variables. Inter-regional comparisons and spatial transferability analysis are conducted. Results suggest that: (i) accessibility measures and car and motorcycle ownership behaviour are correlated; (ii) car and motorcycle ownership is substitutable in Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur, but is complementary in Nagoya; (iii) car and motorcycle ownership behaviour in Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur is similar and quite distinct from Nagoya; and (iv) car and motorcycle ownership behaviour in Nagoya in 1981 was closer than the ownership behaviour in Nagoya in 1991 and 2001 to the behaviour in Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur. Policy implications are also discussed.

DOI： 10.1080/18128602.2012.726285

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Disaggregate behaviour choice models have been improved in many aspects, but they are rarely evaluated from the viewpoint of their ability to express intention to change travel behaviour. This study compared various models, including objective and latent models and compensatory and non-compensatory decision-making models. Latent models contain latent factors calculated using the LISREL (linear structural relations) model. Non-compensatory models are based on a lexicographic-semiorder heuristic. This paper proposes 'probability increment' and 'joint probability increment' as indicators for evaluating the ability of these models to express intention to change travel behaviour. The application to commuting travel data in the Chukyo metropolitan area in Japan showed that the appropriate non-compensatory and latent models outperform other models. © 2012 International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences.

DOI： 10.1016/j.iatssr.2012.10.001

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This research analysed the car owner's intention toward car sharing service in the provincial capital city. An in-depth interview survey was conducted in Matsuyama city to investigate the car usage, perception of the monetary cost related to car usage, perception of the existing car sharing service, and intention toward the hypothetical car sharing services. The results showed that the majority of car owners had not considered the overall cost related to car usage and they tend to overestimate it. Such respondents stated relatively high intention toward the car sharing service compared to the ones who underestimate the overall cost related to car usage. Also, it seems to be very important for the penetration of car sharing system to introduce a service which would reduce the user's anxiety about the availability of the service.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.69.I_423

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The unprecedented demand for travel experienced in Asia, in conjunction with the economic development of the 1980s, has resulted in a number of detrimental effects on urban systems. Economic development has certainly intensified per capita income enhancing personal mobility. In Asia, private vehicle ownership and usage have continued to be recognised as an obligatory element of travel for many. Undoubtedly there is a direct relationship between vehicle ownership and public transport usage. Inter-regional and inter-temporal investigations of travel behaviour in Asian cities are therefore necessary to develop an understanding of the future transportation system including suitability and the role of public transport. Since travel data are scarce in Asian countries, inter-regional or inter-temporal travel behaviour investigations do not exist to date. Several travel demand models are developed using discrete choice modelling techniques and Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Nagoya as case studies. Estimation results of the mode choice models are successfully incorporated to compare travel behaviour trends in selected cities in Asia. The developed models are tested for spatial and temporal transferability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.07.002

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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This study investigated the destination choice in shopping behavior in order to consider the measures against the problems such as the decline of CBD. A person trip survey data was utilized to assess the overall demand related to the shopping behavior in metropolitan area. Firstly, we clarified the shopping behavior according to the types of trip chain to investigate the relationships between shopping destinations and the mechanism of trip generation. Next, we quantified the attractiveness of shopping destination based on the Business Establishment / Company Statistics Investigation data so as to distinguish the large-scale retail stores and the shopping streets and to consider the diversity / concentration of each store categories. Finally, we developed a destination choice models for shopping behavior, in which above attractiveness measures were incorporated as the explanatory variables, and analyzed the properties of destination choice for each types of shopping behavior.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.67.67_I_749

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study investigated the applicability of iterative proportional updating (IPU) algorithm to calculate the weight for each sample case obtained from the disaggregate survey so as to match distributions of household and person attributes in the generation of synthetic populations. The large-scale person-trip survey data conducted in Matsuyama metropolitan area was empirically applied as the disaggregate data, and the results showed that the excessive categorization of attributes would produce large errors due to the lack of sample case, sometimes inducing the failure to calculate the weight. Although the integration of the attribute categories would alleviate above problems, the excessive integration might induce the loss of original information, that is, heterogeneity of the sample case, undermining the advantage of micro-simulation approaches. Therefore, the consideration of sampling scheme is very crucial for the application of IPU algorithm (e.g. setting the sampling ratio for each attribute categories according to the marginal distributions of the population).

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.67.67_I_759

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study aimed at getting the basic information that was necessary for the car sharing spread in Matsuyama that was a local city and analyzed latent demand. We compared a cost by the car sharing with a cost by car ownership, the use. If a cost was reduced by car sharing, We defined it when We could reduce the car and We could reduce it and carried out the estimate of an area with much number. As a result of analysis per 1st when We used PT investigation, We were able to reduce about 70% cars of Matsuyama. Reduction possibility is in particular high the second car of the city outskirts district. It was recognized that We could reduce about 70% cars by the analysis by the hit for one week when We used PP investigation.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.67.67_I_665

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study investigated the applicability of iterative proportional updating (IPU) algorithm to calculate the weight for each sample case obtained from the disaggregate survey so as to match distributions of household and person attributes in the generation of synthetic populations. The large-scale person-trip survey data conducted in Matsuyama metropolitan area was empirically applied as the disaggregate data, and the results showed that the excessive categorization of attributes would produce large errors due to the lack of sample case, sometimes inducing the failure to calculate the weight. Although the integration of the attribute categories would alleviate above problems, the excessive integration might induce the loss of original information, that is, heterogeneity of the sample case, undermining the advantage of micro-simulation approaches. Therefore, the consideration of sampling scheme is very crucial for the application of IPU algorithm (e.g. setting the sampling ratio for each attribute categories according to the marginal distributions of the population).

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The City Planning Institute of Japan  

Consensus building toward the introduction of LRT has often run into trouble since there are difficulties to quantitatively measure the effects such as modal shift from overdependence on automobile, reduction of environmental loads, vitalization in CBD and the improvement of urban landscape. This paper applied an integrated travel demand forecasting model in order to evaluate the impact on the central city invigoration by the introduction of LRT as well as the change of traffic conditions. As a result of application to the Nagoya metropolitan area, it was calculated that LRT would reduce the car usage in the CBD while it induce the trips by bicycle or walking. Also shown was that the number of visiting spots and the duration spent in the CBD would increase, implying that the introduction of LRT could be contributed to the vitalization in city center.

DOI： 10.11361/journalcpij.45.3.853

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

This study investigates household car and motorcycle ownership in Nagoya metropolitan area of Japan. Bivariate ordered pro- bit models of household vehicle ownership were developed using the data from the case study area at three time points, 1981, 1991, and 2001. The accessibility that is generally known to be correlated with vehicle ownership decisions is incorporated as an input for the proposed vehicle ownership model to investigate the potential relationship between them. The mode choice models for the area were first estimated to quantify the accessibility indexes that were later integrated into the vehicle ownership models. Inter-temporal comparison and temporal transferability analysis were conducted. Some of the major findings suggest: 1) that age and gender differences have become less important in modal choices and car ownership as motorization proceeds
2) that the accessibility seems to have a significant correlation with vehicle ownership
3) that car and motorcycle ownership may not be independent and may have a complementary relationship
and 4) that the deep insights concerning the model selection are obtained from the viewpoints of the temporal transferability.

DOI： 10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60243-0

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study investigated the applicability of the demand forecasting models estimated from revealed preference and stated preference data, focusing on the practical issues such as the reliability of stated intention, treatment of the inertiaterm and the alternative-specific constants of new services, and survey design of SP experiment A panel data, which was collected in Nagoya city before and after a new subway service was started, was utilized to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the models. The results showed that the predictive accuracy highly depends on the treatment of stated intention and the interpretation of the inertia term, and may produce the serious biases in demand forecasting when discrepancy between stated intention and actual behavior was high. On the other hand, repeatedchoice data between existing alternatives with various hypothetical settings might be worth utilizing since it significantly improve the statistical efficiency of the estimated parameters and predictive accuracy.

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.25.701

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study firstly analyzed the differences on preference for transit ride point program between non- participants and participants, and before/after the social experiment. The results showed that the participants seem to prefer the program than the non-participants, and state more preference after the participation in the program probably because of their satisfaction in the environmental contribution. Next, we investigated the variability of preference over the reward of transit ride point program using random coefficient model with psychological factors. The results showed that the altruistic reward such as the charity for the environmental activity could compensate for the monetary reward. Also shown is that the larger the monetary reward becomes the marginal utility of altruistic reward decreases, implying that altruistic motivation may decline as the monetary reward becomes large.

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.24.619

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The City Planning Institute of Japan  

Promoting public transportation usage is crucial in order to solve problems such as traffic congestion and green house effects caused by motorization and car-oriented urban structure. This paper introduces a new TDM measure called 'Travel eco-point' program, in which one can acquire points when he/she uses environmentally friendly transportation system (e.g. public transportation) and can exchange the accumulated points to incentives for further eco-friendly travel behavior (e.g. provision of free rail tickets), and then reports the result of social experiments conducted in Nagoya. Furthermore, we investigated user's preferences toward the eco-point program and found that people seem to prefer the program through which they can return their profit to environmental improvement as well as the program with high refund rate.

DOI： 10.11361/journalcpij.41.3.25

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This study investigated the potential user responses toward &lsquo;Eco-Travel Point&rsquo; program, in which one can acquire points when he/she uses environmentally friendly transportation system such as public transportation and can exchange the accumulated points to further incentives for environmentally friendly travel behavior such as transit tickets. The result shows that psychological factors such as environment consciousness significantly affect the individuals' mode choice behavior, implying that Eco-Travel Point program can enhance the public transportation usage. Furthermore, the attitude for transportation issues and propensity for point collection might be the main factors which affect the intention to participate in the program.

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.23.575

J-GLOBAL

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The principle of driver&#039;s route choice has long been the shortest path with a fixed time penalty of a toll. It is also understood that traffic is assigned on the road network based on user equilibrium with perfect information assumption. This paper demonstrates two empirical studies that pose questions to these traditional assumptions, to better understand route choice behavior. Multi-class user equilibrium assignment with imperfectly informed drivers&#039; classes is applied to a metropolitan area network first. Next, route choice behavior is directly observed and analyzed using probe&#039; car data.

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.22.467

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This paper aims to deep understand consumer's shopping behavior focusing on difference among items and destination choice. Firstly, cross tabulation is applied to clarify the relations between commute mode and revealed shopping behavior, such as the influence of commute mode on the frequency, the store choice, and so on. Then, the multinomial logit models of the shopping destination choice for railway commuters are developed for each category of shopping items. The six models constructed in this study revealed the differences as well as the interactions among items. These fundamental insights will prove very useful in the urban renascence.

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.21.561

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本行動計量学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：EASTERN ASIA SOC TRANSPORTAT STUDIES  

Increasing vehicle ownership and usage is becoming a great threat to the urban environment in Asian cities. Economic growth and its related effects such as changing status of income and mobility make the travelers to own private vehicles. Also, insufficient supply and inferior quality public transportation may encourage travelers to own and use private vehicles. Therefore, investigation of travel demand is found as an urgent issue in Asian countries. This study attempts to develop travel demand models using discrete choice modeling techniques and to analyze data from three Asian cities of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Nagoya. The outcome of the developed models is expected to use for investigating vehicle ownership in the cities concerned and a framework is proposed for future prospects of this study.

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.702_15

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This paper theoretically and empirically analyzed how value of travel time varies according to travel time and travelers. A nationwide stated preference survey about choice between general route and tolled route provides the data source for the empirical analysis. A discrete route choice model, which considers non-linearity of time and correlation of individual characteristics to travel cost, is used. The results show that value of travel time increases with travel time increases, and vary with travel purposes and travelers age, occupations so on.

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.19.513

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS  

This research analyzes the demand for intercity high-speed rail (HSR) system planned in Japan with the integrated demand forecasting model. The model integrates choice of routes and modes is estimated from a combined stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data. The SP/RP combined estimation method exploits the advantages of both data sets while mitigating the weaknesses of each. The SP survey is conducted to elicit preference for the non-existing, high-speed rail together with the RP survey on the actual intercity mode choice for the specific corridor. Considering the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) attribute, a nested structure is applied to these alternatives and the advantages of the nested logit model with the combined SP/RP data are discussed in this paper.

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

This research proposes a methodology to quantitatively evaluate the impact of traveler's pre-trip information considering transaction cost for travel behavior changes. The transaction cost is defined as the difference of expected utilities which are observed before and after travel behavior changes, and is estimated using a discrete choice model which represents mode choice behavior with and without the information on travel time respectively. The model is estimated with mode choice RP data and SP data for hypothetical information provision. Furthermore, we empirically analyze the impact of pre-trip information provision to enhance new transportation services such as Park and Ride.

DOI： 10.2208/journalip.16.763

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATL ACAD SCI  

In most developed countries, the population of the elderly and disabled is growing rapidly. These individuals require transportation service suited to their needs. Such service may be provided by applying emerging technologies to dial-a-ride transit. This research develops a methodology to quantitatively evaluate the impact of paratransit services on a traveler's mode choice behavior. The mode choice model explicitly considers availability of alternative modes and includes latent factors to account for taste heterogeneity. Stated preferences are also used to elicit preferences for new paratransit services. The methodology is empirically tested with data collected in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The model system developed is applied to evaluate the effect of improving service attributes and the impact of the introduction of new cost-effective modes on modal shares. Results of the policy analysis indicate that (a) transit policy changes, such as fare reduction, would have little effect on automobile driver and automobile passenger shares; (b) an improved reservation system for dial-a-ride services would produce shifts in mode share; (c) the proposed new bus deviation service was favored; (d) free bus service reduces dial-a-ride share; and (e) an increase in awareness of a dial-a-ride system would significantly increase its share.

Web of Science

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I031705866

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