Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

Every year, especially in the rainy season, landslides occur quite often in Lao Cai – a northern mountainous province of Vietnam. Specifically, in the year 2019, several landslides were observed to occur near the Sapa Ancient Rock Field in Hau Thao commune, Sapa town, Lao Cai province. In December 2019, a landslide investigation was conducted to examine the mechanism and possible causes of the landslides. Besides that, as the landslide distribution in this area is still unclear, this study will also aim to show the landslide denseness in a 700 m × 700 m square map as well as survey results in 2019 of two main landslides in such map. According to the survey, the landslide is the main phenomenon of geomorphological development in this area, being a combination of multiple different landslides with varying sizes and dissimilar triggers. The first survey landslide is about 50 m wide and 350 m long and has still been going on in recent years, with annual horizontal displacement being around 0.8 m. Meanwhile, the second one is a typical flash-landslide caused by rainfall. Despite being quite small in scale, about 15 m × 40 m, its characteristics indicate a dangerous implication in the future. This information will be the basis for further ongoing studies.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0547

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

In recent years, airborne laser scanning has been used for terrain surveys of broad areas in Japan. This study attempted to extract the landslide-prone slope based on geomorphological and slope stability analyses using Digital Elevation Model obtained by airborne laser scanning. The study site is located in the mountainous region of the Shikoku Mountains, where landslides occur on the gentle slope deformed by mass rock creeps. Implementing slope stability analysis to incorporate “potential to increase pore water pressure” found that landslides occur in areas with low factor of safety. In the future, it is expected that the method developed in this study could contribute to the planning of basin-based disaster management.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0618

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

Measuring the amount of rainfall is essential for a wide-area evaluation of the risk of landslide disaster using a real-time simulation. In Thailand, located in Monsoon Asia, point observation is conducted using a rain gauge. Interpolation calculation is crucial for obtaining the planar rainfall intensity for the wide-area analysis from scattered point observation data. In this study, to accurately calculate rainfall intensity using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, the parameters affecting the results are examined. Additionally, using obtained rainfall data, a simple prediction calculation of groundwater level fluctuation by Wakai et al. [1] and Ozaki et al. [2] is performed. Finally, the relationship between the rainfall intensity and the fluctuation of groundwater level will be discussed.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0561

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

To fully and rapidly develop a real-time early warning judgment system for slope failure at the time of heavy rains including overseas, it is necessary to predict water movement in the soil at the time of rainfall. In addition, to apply the system to a place where insufficient geotechnical and geological data have been amassed, it is necessary to evaluate the risk of slope failure based on physical properties obtained from a simple soil test. Therefore, in this study, the authors set Gogoshima Island in Ehime Prefecture as a study site and evaluated the water movement over time in the soil during heavy rain using a simple prediction equation of rainfall seepage process. Soil properties were determined through simple in-situ and laboratory tests. As a result, it was found that the factor of safety for slope failure in the head and wall of a valley dissecting the hillside slope composed of granodiorite in which weathering has progressed can be planarly evaluated using the simple prediction equation.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0626

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

In recent years, sediment disaster has frequently been caused by heavy rainfall and has cost many human lives and great property losses. To estimate such risks, Wakai et al. [1] proposed a simplified prediction method to calculate the variation of groundwater levels in natural slopes both at the time of rainfall in wide areas and in real time. To calculate the variation of groundwater levels using this method, the slope conditions (such as material constant and initial conditions) must be determined in advance. This study takes the 2017 heavy rainfall in Northern Kyushu as an example to analyze surface layer thickness, one of the slope conditions that most significantly influences slope stability, over wide areas. The findings reveal that the prediction of slope failure distribution differs depending on how the surface layer thickness and sliding surface are determined.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0636

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

Hau Thao Village is located in Sa Pa Prefecture, in northern Vietnam. The village contains one of the most picturesque landscapes with terraced paddy fields located in landslide topography formed on a gentle slope. However, the creation of the topography has not been sufficiently clarified. In this study, samples of soil and stone are taken from two landslide areas in Hau Thao Village for mineral composition analysis, clarifying that the sauce rock of the deposits comprising the landslide areas is made up of granitoids, forming the upper slope above the fault located in the hinterland. The landslides occurring in Hau Thao Village are caused by the remobilization of the secondary deposits transported from the upper part of the slope by debris flow.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0556

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Landslide Society  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.58.57

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering  

Establishing chronologies for large-scale landslides is crucial to understand the cause of the mass movements and to take measures against potential hazards in future. We discuss the applicability of dating methods for determining landslide chronologies in relation to the type of samples and the stratigraphic setting of sampling location. Case studies are carried out with fossil wood samples buried in the deposits of large-scale landslides in two areas of the Japanese Alps region in historic times ; Dondokosawa rock avalanche (DRA) and Ohtsukigawa debris avalanche (ODA). Ages are determined by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating and dendrochronological analysis using the oxygen isotope composition of tree ring cellulose. We report seven radiocarbon ages and five dendrochronology data for the wood samples taken from outcrops and excavated trenches in the lacustrine sediments of dammed lakes formed by DRA, and two radiocarbon ages and two dendrochronology data for wood samples of ODA. Two sets of data for DRA are crosschecked independently to ensure the accuracy of results. Most of ages in the DRA area are concordant with the period of AD 887 Ninna (Goki-Shichido) mega-earthquake as proposed in previous studies. In the ODA area, ages are not concentrated in a specific period. When the preservation condition of buried wood trunks is good enough to date the exact or approximate tree-death years dendrochronologically, it is possible to estimate landslide occurrence periods in further detail by comparing the landslide chronology with historical records of heavy rainfall and large earthquakes.

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.73.5_3

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>
Shallow landslides occur frequently on the Aso volcanic mountains. The soil materials on the Aso volcanic mountains consist of tephra layers formed by volcanic activities. This study is aimed to specify the physical properties of soil that correlate with the sliding layer of a shallow landslide on the volcanic mountain area. Tephra layers consist of kuroboku and scoria layers and the differences between these layers were specified using the physical properties of soil methods. Results showed that the plasticity index and the fine fraction content can be used for estimating the sliding layer in the Aso volcanic area.

DOI： 10.1186/s40677-020-00163-x

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40677-020-00163-x/fulltext.html

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.4116/jaqua.58.65

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2019s.0_89

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

<p>  A heavy rain event in July 2018 caused many natural disasters such as landslides and floods in western Japan. Many shallow landslides were induced by heavy rain between the night of July 6 and the morning of July 7 in Gogoshima Island, which is located offshore of Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture. The main industry of the island is the cultivation of oranges. However, the orange farming infrastructure was devastated by shallow landslides across a large portion of the island. We created a spatial distribution map of the shallow landslides, based on interpretation of the SPOT－7 satellite imagery, to understand their characteristics. Moreover, the mass movement processes were clarified using the results of geomorphological and geological field surveys. The analysis revealed the following : 1) The shallow landslides induced by the heavy rain event were distributed across the island, and the total number of landslides was 207. 2) Relatively elongate, shallow landslides are distributed on the slopes of Mt. Kofuji. The shallow landslide materials changed to debris flows. 3) The field survey revealed that the heads of shallow landslides are located on the geological boundary between granodiorite and andesite. The landslide material was formed of loose, highly weathered granodiorite, called "masa" in Japanese, and thermally metamorphosed granodiorite. 4) The previous debris flow deposits that filled the gullies were eroded by the new debris flows and flash floods.</p>

DOI： 10.3313/jls.56.129

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.56.211

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

<p>  Shallow landslides densely occurred on tephra-covered slopes in the northeastern part of Aso caldera during the July 2012 northern Kyushu heavy rainfall. We estimated a thickness distribution of tephra deposits above the potential rupture surface of shallow landslide using spline interpolations of an isopach map, which was developed based on previous studies on the eruptive history of Aso Volcano, and compared it with the actual thickness measured at 11 sites. The results showed that ratios of the measured thickness to the estimated one (named residual ratio, <i>Rr</i>) ranged from 0.12 to 0.31, and had decreasing trends with increasing slope angle and curvature. Infinite slope stability analysis based on these characteristics captured the locations of approx. 84％ of the landslides induced by the July 2012 rainfall event (total 309 head scarps) at its maximum, demonstrating the accuracy of Factor of safety (<i>Fs</i>) calculated by this analytical method. On the other hand, the total area of landslide-prone sites, where the <i>Fs</i> was estimated to be lower than10.0, accounted for approx. 67％ of the analyzed area, which was higher than the area ratio of landslides in a single rainfall event (approx. 4-15％).</p>

DOI： 10.3313/jls.56.240

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

<p>  Shallow landslides repeatedly occurred on the slopes of Aso Volcano, Central Kyushu, southwest Japan, during heavy rainfall in 1990, 2001, and 2012. This study aimed to identify the geomorphological causes of these intensive landslides covered with fall-out tephra layers via geographic information system analysis and geomorphological classification of their distribution in the Takadake and Saishigahana areas. Source areas of the abovementioned landslides were mapped on Red Relief Image Maps processed from light detection and ranging digital elevation model data (1m resolution). The fact that they were mostly distributed on slopes with gradients of more than25° and relative heights of more than 20 m in an area of a 50×50 m window indicates the minimum gradient of a rainfall induced landslide occurrence and the fall-down possibility of unstable material, respectively. More than half of the landslide locations in 2012 were different from those in 1990 and 2001 ; this was also found for landslides in 2001 and 1990 in both study areas. The slopes in contact with the rear and sides of the1990 and 2001 landslides collapsed in 2012 at rates of 32.7％ and 21.2％ in Takadake and Saishigahana, respectively, and those of the 1990 landslides collapsed in 2001 at rates of 19.1％ and 28.4％ in the respective study areas. In contrast, the occurrence in 2001 and 2012 at the inside of the former landslide slope was 3―4％ in Takadake and 1―7％ in Saishigahana. Approximately 50％ aerial occupancy of remnants of past landslides (RPL) revealed that shallow landslides are geomorphologically common phenomena on the slopes of Aso Volcano. The spatial relation of landslide occurrence area in 2012 to RPL was classified into seven types based on geomorphological mapping, namely 1) in contact with rear of RPL, 2) in contact with side of RPL, 3) inside of RPL without deposition of collapsed material, 4) below RPL, 5) in and around deposition of collapsed material in RPL, 6) on valley side slope below slope break, and 7) independent. Type 1 was dominant, and types 2 and 3 were subsequent. Deposition of tephra or transported materials from the head scrap on the collapsed material of a past landslide which increases the soil depth above the rupture surface might be the cause of the difference between fewer repeated landslide occurrences on former slopes of the 1990, 2001, 2012 landslides and type 3. Types 1 and 2 are concordant with frequent occurrences of landslides behind and at the side of former landslides that are caused by the instability of the slope toe or side where its counterbalance has decreased. Based on these findings, viewpoints for the detection of landslide-susceptible slopes caused by rainfall is also proposed.</p>

DOI： 10.3313/jls.56.218

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

<p>  Nowadays, it has become easy for us to use the spatially distributed rainfall data observed by weather radars. Such high-resolution data allows us to predict groundwater rising in each individual slope due to torrential rain in a short period, using reliable numerical techniques such as finite element analysis of saturated-unsaturated seepage. However, usually a high-spec calculator and a long period of calculation time are required to carry out such rigorous simulations, and it means that such a method cannot satisfy the engineers who are concerned with real-time simulation used for early warning processes. In this study, a simple method for prediction of shallow groundwater rising in natural slopes in time history will be developed based on the parametric studies with the finite element analysis under the assumption of semi-infinite homogeneous slope. By referring the hydraulic head predicted by the proposed method and the observed shear strength of soil material in the slope, it becomes possible to facilitate a real-time evaluation for the degradation of the total factor of safety for slope failure from moment to moment.</p>

DOI： 10.3313/jls.56.227

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

<p>  Large-scale sediment disasters, induced by heavy rains in 1990, 2001, and 2012, occurred in the Aso caldera in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. These natural disasters were caused by shallow landslides of unconsolidated slope deposits. Geomorphological and geological surveys of the Mt. Takadake slope in the Aso caldera showed an outcrop that exhibited characteristics of the initial stage of a shallow landslide (Sato <i>et al</i>. 2017). These deposits consist of tephra and "Kuroboku" (humus andosols) layers, deformed by a flow-type gravitational deformation. Sato <i>et al</i>. (2017) indicated that the deformed slope deposits exhibited significant risk of future shallow landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the ground strength of the deformed layers and evaluate the risk of future landslides. In this study, the ground strength of soil layers is measured using a vane shear cone test and a number of soil tests. The results of these tests reveal that the strength of the deformed layers is lower than that of the un-deformed layers.</p>

DOI： 10.3313/jls.56.250

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：FUJI TECHNOLOGY PRESS LTD  

The heavy rain in Northern Kyushu District on July 5, 2017 caused a sediment disaster, resulting in the loss of many lives and damage to buildings. In this study, the primary causes (topography and geology) and trigger factors (rainfall) for the sediment disaster were spatially analyzed to examine factors contributing to slope failure. As a result, it was found that the number of slope failures was highest in metamorphic rock areas and the occurrence density of the landslides was highest in plutonic rock areas. In addition, the slope angle of the slope-failure source point was sizable in volcanic rock areas and many landslides occurred in the valley-formed areas. A rainfall analysis showed that the Akatani, Shirakitani, Sozu, Kita, Naragaya, Myoken, Katsura river basins and Ono, Ohi, Sata, Inaibaru river basins are different rainfall distributions, which significantly affected the slope-failure occurrence density.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2018.p0832

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

Dendrochronological analysis using the oxygen isotope composition (18O/16O) of cellulose was performed to reveal the age of an ancient rock avalanche that scattered huge granitic rock clasts on the bank of the Dondokosawa River in the east of Mount Hououzan, the Akaishi Range, central Japan. The samples for dating were disc-cut wood logs or increment cores of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. &amp
Zucc.) Endl.) and Hemlock tree (Tsuga sp.) buried in lacustrine sediments. Cellulose was extracted directly from tree-ring cross-sectional thin wood plates. Cellulose rings of each disc were sampled and their oxygen isotope ratios were measured with a pyrolysis-type elemental analyser and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. We compared the inter-annual variations in oxygen isotope ratios of cellulose for samples with those of a 470-year-long tree-ring δ18O chronology (AD450–919) independently constructed from Japanese cypress. The estimated death year of the barkless Japanese cypress is around AD885, and that of the barked hemlock tree is AD888. If the rock avalanche was induced by strong ground motion from a large earthquake, these ages are relevant to a large historical earthquake that occurred in this area. The candidates are the AD 887 Goki-Shichido Earthquake (Ninna Earthquake), which was one of the gigantic ocean-trench earthquakes documented along the Suruga and Nankai Troughs off central Japan, and another large intraplate earthquake remotely triggered by this ocean-trench earthquake.

DOI： 10.1016/j.quageo.2017.12.004

Scopus

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.55.42

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

<p>  Japan recently experienced several heavy rain-induced landslide disasters on active volcanic mountains. In July 1990 and July 2012, shallow landslides and their transformed debris flows inflicted severe damage to many settlements in the Aso caldera. These shallow landslides occurred on sediment covered slopes consisting of alternating layers of tephra and "kuroboku" (humus andosols). An outcrop in the Aso caldera shows evidence of the initial stages of the shallow landslide. The outcrop consists of tephra and kuroboku layers deformed by gravitational movement to form shear planes and load marks in the outcrop－the latter are commonly observed in subaqueous sediments. Through observations of the outcrop and soil test results, we conclude that the gravitational deformation of these slope deposits resulted from the "flow" of the highly permeable kuroboku layer over the less permeable tephra layer.</p>

DOI： 10.3313/jls.54.199

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本雪氷学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14943/doctoral.r7001

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本地すべり学会  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.53.85

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本地すべり学会  

Because landslides with long-travel distance (so-called long-travelling landslides) can cause severe damages, it is important for disaster-prevention works to find slopes prone to long-travelling landslide in advance. In this study, we collected 77 landslides induced by snowmelt, and conducted topographic analyses of source and transfer-deposition areas of the landslides to find features correlated with occurrence of long-travelling landslides. The topographic analyses using 10-m DEM revealed that long-travelling landslides, which traveled longer than their slope lengths, tended to occur at the slopes with following three features : 1) preexisting landslide slope (reactivation), 2) coupling with steep valley topography (more than 0.15m m-1 or 9 degrees), and 3) sharp inflow angle (less than 70 degrees) of sliding mass to the valley topography. Then, simple discriminant test using the features was developed. By using all the three features, 12cases of 14 long-travelling landslides (86％ of positive predictive value) and 58 cases of 63 normal landslides (92％ of negative predictive value) were correctly distinguished, and correctness of the test attained 91％, suggesting the above three topographic features were effective to find slopes prone to long-travelling landslide.

DOI： 10.3313/jls.53.31

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本地すべり学会  

Although the effective rainfall method has been widely used for analyzing variations in the groundwater level (GL) in a landslide site, few previous studies have applied the method to snow-cover season. This study estimated the snowmelt water without using large-scale observation facilities and calculated the meltwater and/or rainwater (MR), which can affect the GL variation. Then, the half-life of the effective MR (EMR), delay days, and coefficients of a regression line were optimized to reproduce the GL variation the best. The results showed that EMR is a significant explanatory variable of the observed GL, suggesting that the method used in this study is very effective to analyze the GL variation in a landslide site in snow-cover season, where large-scale observation facilities are difficult to install. Properties of the GL response were different between two periods probably due to the effects of pore air, snow distribution property in the last stage of snowmelt period, horizontal drainage boring, and evapotranspiration. Individual analyses for the two periods improved the accuracy of the GL reproducibility. The parameter values reported in previous studies and this study showed no clear relationship with landslide properties such as geology and the depths of GL variation, suggesting that more cases are needed to predict parameter values from landslide properties.

DOI： 10.3313/jls.53.1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Volcanological Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.18940/vsj.2016.0_82

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

Heavy rainfall associated with the typhoon T1326 (Wipha) of 2013 triggered large-scale shallow landslides and long-runout of the displaced mass at outer slopes of the caldera rim, resulting severe disaster at Motomachi district, Izu Oshima Island. To prevent such disasters in volcano regions, thickness distributions of pyroclastic fall layers should be known as potential source of landslide materials. Thickness distribution of alternated tephra and loess layers on slopes were estimated based on data from the study on eruptive history of the Izu Oshima Volcano (Koyama and Hayakawa, 1996) using a kriging method, and compared with actual values measured in field. Results showed that the measured tephra thickness and accumulated thickness varied from 0.2 to 2.2 times and from 0.8 to 1.9 times of the estimation, despite the similarity in fall out amount and stratigraphy of tephra (within the Okane-zawa Catchment : 1.2km²)

DOI： 10.3313/jls.53.43

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.13101/ijece.7.9

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.51.132

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.67.2_47

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Landslide Society  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.49.330

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本地形学連合  

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.13101/ijece.3.27

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOCIETY OF REVEGETATION TECHNOLOGY  

DOI： 10.7211/jjsrt.35.448

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Book review, literature introduction, etc.   Publisher：Japan Landslide Society  

DOI： 10.3313/jls.58.148

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Authorship：Lead author  

DOI： 10.24732/nied.00002157

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：京都大学防災研究所自然災害研究協議会  

2019年9月11日(水), 於 : キャンパスプラザ京都 第1講義室「平成30年北海道胆振東部地震」とその災害に関する総合調査を実施した。震度７を記録した揺れにより, 同時多発斜面災害と, 北海道全域同時停電(ブラックアウト)が発生し, 複合的な災害となった。震源の深さは約37kmで, 大すべり域はそれより浅い20-25km付近であった。木造家屋の倒壊が多発したむかわ町市街では, 地盤構造による地震波の増幅が見られた。同時多発斜面崩壊は, 近隣の活火山の噴火による降下火砕堆積物が素因となった。札幌市内の地盤液状化地帯では, 極めて軟弱な谷埋盛土層が確認された。地震発生が未明であったことが, 建物倒壊による直接死が出なかったことに関係している可能性がある。ブラックアウトは, 社会経済活動に大きな影響を与えた。

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木研究センター  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：防災科学技術研究所  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木研究センター  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Meeting report  

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木研究センター  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：信州大学農学部  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：信州大学農学部附属アルプス圏フィールド科学教育研究センター  

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Type：Seminar, workshop

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Type：Visiting lecture

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Type：Visiting lecture

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Type：Investigation, survey

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