Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業食料工学会事務局  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers  

The grain loss, a standard for determining the operating performance of for multi-crops, is 2 % for paddy, 1 % for wheat, and as high as 4 % for buckwheat. In this study, to reduce the grain loss and improve the cleaning performance, the aerodynamic characteristics of buckwheat were investigated, and the coefficient of drag and lift necessary for predicting the scattering range of buckwheat were modeled. Owing to attitude changes, the buckwheat was found to have greater coefficient variations than paddy, wheat, and soybean. Thus, the overlap of scattering range between the buckwheat and trash increased, suggesting that the amount of buckwheat discharged outside the machine increases when trying to improve the quality at the clean grain outlet.

DOI： 10.11357/jsamfe.81.4_243

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業食料工学会事務局  

DOI： 10.11357/jsamfe.77.6_470

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Biotron Institute  

To quickly enhance the productivity of intelligent greenhouses, quality control is needed at agricultural production sites, along with a speaking plant approach to monitor the growth conditions of plants and avoid diseased and underdeveloped plants. We are developing a multi-operation robot equipped with units that contain functions to solve the problem of the instability of environmental factors and subsequent crop yield. Growth-information, pest-detection, and pest-control units were developed for the multi-operation robot and effectively linked to report their actions in order to construct a suitable integrated pest management technology for intelligent greenhouses. The information gathering and various operations were automated by designing each unit to operate autonomously. The system was designed to detect abnormalities by mapping the information provided by the growth-information and pest-detection units. It can then determine the invasion diffusion course of the pest, which makes it easy to take appropriate prophylaxes. Furthermore, the system makes safer working conditions possible because it enables the natural dispersal of ozonated water as a preventive measure. We can expect a further reduction in pesticide consumption by adding a function to disperse a pesticide locally when pests are detected.

DOI： 10.2525/ecb.53.63

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Asian Agricultural and Biological Engineering Association  

The threshing unit of a combine comprises a multiphase flow
therefore, it is essential to consider it on the basis of the flow model. In this study, flight simulation by DEM with fixed wind velocity was carried out. The grain and straw were considered to be ellipsoidal and cuboidal, respectively. A two-dimensional model coupling with a circle element was constructed. Each flight trajectory was reproduced in terms of the initial conditions and changes in winnowing velocity. The average flight velocity of the grain was 0.2 m/s higher than that measured in the experiment. It can simulate to closer phenomenon by mixing different particle mass and straw, analyzing the increase in particles and linking it with fluid analysis. © 2013, Asian Agricultural and Biological Engineering Association.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eaef.2013.12.006

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本農作業学会  

In this study, a cutting apparatus and an electric planter were developed for saving labor and energy during the direct planting of sweet potatoes, which is a raw material for bioethanol. The power consumption of the planter was examined for determining its suitability for use.<br> On the occasion of specification decision of cutting apparatus, the cutting angle and speed was considered about 9 degrees, 0.3-0.5 m/s in consideration of miniaturization of a device, and the promotion of efficiency of work. It took approximately 50 seconds to make eight pieces of seed sweet potatoes from one sweet potato by using cutting apparatus.<br> An electric planter equipped with a 1.5 kW motor showed significantly lower energy consumption compared to an unmodified gasoline engine. The electric power required for only the planting operation of the electric planter was about 20% of that required for the movement of the planter. Since much of the electric power is used for the movement of the planter, further energy savings can be expected if resistance to the movement is reduced.<br> The continuous operating time was 3.7 h for area coverage of 1300 m<SUP>2</SUP> which amounts to a continuous operating time of 2.76 h per 1000 m<SUP>2</SUP>. Even if battery degradation is assumed to be 80%, a continuous operating time of 2.96 h for area coverage of 1000 m<SUP>2</SUP>, is possible. Thus, the planter can be adopted for practical use.

DOI： 10.4035/jsfwr.48.103

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers  

Seedlings of direct sowing sugar beet cultivation are vulnerable to wind injury in the early stage of germination. Seedbeds prepared to shelter the young seedlings from strong wind are a possible wind-damage countermeasure. In the present study, effect of a wind-proof seedbed that has Λ-shaped ridges at both sides of the sowing position on wind proofing was examined by wind tunnel tests. Measurements were made of vertical wind velocity profile using hot-wire method, and of wind velocity vector using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique in the vicinity of a wind-proof seedbed model. Wind flow characteristics above the seedbed were also modeled and simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. Based on the measured and simulated data, a seeder-mounted ridger was developed which can form the wind-proof seedbed with the Λ-shaped ridges with height of 5 cm. Field tests were conducted to measure and compare the wind velocity at different heights above the sowing position of the wind-proof seedbeds and conventional seedbeds. Test results showed that the wind velocity at an elevation of 1 cm above the sowing position of the wind-proof seedbed was reduced by 60 % in comparison with that of the conventional seedbed.

DOI： 10.11357/jsam.75.89

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To resolve the problem of declination of Japanese agriculture, plant factories with automation, quality control, robotization and speaking plant approach are necessary. The multi operation system described in this paper has running unit with automatic position sensing. Growth environment measurement unit has transpiration, photosynthesis, distance and temperature sensors to obtain plant growth information. The pest control unit uses the antiseptic effect of ozone water. The harvesting unit is used for cucumbers that grow fast; recognition of cucumbers ready to be harvested is achieved through distance information gathered by an attached photo interrupter and distance sensors. The development of multi-operation robot is continued by developing controlling program that can change the operating pattern by sharing the contents by each controlling and operating unit.

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

To reduce the environmental impacts of agricultural production, an existing 10kW-class internal combustion engine tractor was remodeled as an electric tractor with an AD motor. Remodeling the engine tractor to an electric tractor increased its overall weight. However, it had little damaging effect on the balance of the body. By using electric-only agricultural machinery, the energy consumption needed for traveling and tillage in the field can be reduced by approximately 70%. Moreover, the electric tractor could operate continuously for one hour over a work area of approximately1300 m2 on a single charged battery. From the results of the CO2emissions estimated on the basis of the above result, it reduced by approximately70% rather than the engine tractor.

DOI： 10.1016/S1881-8366(13)80003-1

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

The flight of separated straws is thought to affect the cleaning wind of a combine harvester. To comprehend the turbulent flow characteristics of the cleaning wind and its passage through the grains, the cleaning wind velocity is measured by particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler velocimetry. The flow of the cleaning wind is blocked by the grains, and therefore the distribution of wind velocity changes. It is found that the energy loss of the cleaning wind is not a result of turbulent flow. The wall friction and the pressure change observed as a result of the shape and the friction loss in the grains are the main considerations while calculating the energy loss of the cleaning wind in combine harvester.

DOI： 10.1016/S1881-8366(12)80022-X

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique is useful for evaluating photosynthetic functions of plants without actually touching the plant. In our previous study, we developed a chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system for tomato plants cultivated in greenhouses. This imaging system measures the chlorophyll fluorescence induction phenomenon, a dynamic change in chlorophyll fluorescence intensity induced by illuminating a dark-adapted leaf with a stable intensity excitation light, and analyzes the shape of the induction curve, i.e., the temporal course of chlorophyll fluorescence intensity during this phenomenon. The shape of the induction curve is characterized by an initial maximum peak (P), subsequent transient dip (S), and secondary small peak (M). We defined an index, the photosynthetic function index (PFI
fluorescence intensity of P divided by the average fluorescence intensity from S to M), to evaluate the shape of the induction curve. In this study, we applied this system to detect drought stress in tomato plants cultivated in a semi-commercial greenhouse. PFI was clearly lower in stressed plants than in healthy plants. The decreased PFI in stressed plants is probably attributable to photosynthetic dysfunction in these plants. © 2011 IFAC.

DOI： 10.3182/20110828-6-IT-1002.01490

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers  

In order to improve the winnowing accuracy, it is important to elucidate the aerodynamic characteristics of grain and the other materials. This study covered paddy, and the dispersion characteristics of grains and straws affected by the cleaning wind were elucidated using test winnower.<br>The flight grains and straws were photographed, respectively, and the flight range was investigated using the developed image processing system.<br>Furthermore, when optimum winnowing accuracy was fulfilled, the distribution of mass and shape was investigated.<br>As a result, the particle coordinates of borderline region were obtained, and the optimum wind velocity could be predicted. In addition, it was considered that the influence on the winnow of project area was larger than that of mass.

DOI： 10.11357/jsam1937.70.1_65

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers  

A clarification of the air drag of grains is important for investigating the winnowing mechanism. The feed rate of the threshing unit of the combine varies with the operating speed. It is essential to elucidate the relationship between the air drag of grains and feed rate.<br>In this study, the flight velocity of paddy grains was measured by particle image velocimetry, and the influence of the drag of grains associated with decreasing porosity was clarified. Therefore, in order to consider this influence, a correction coefficient was formulated from theoretical considerations and experiments. The terminal velocity of the grains was calculated and compared with experimental result. Then the validity of the formulated correction coefficient was verified.

DOI： 10.11357/jsam1937.70.3_58

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/journalam.10.323

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業機械学会事務局  

In the threshing unit of combine harvester, grains, straws and other materials are conveyed by force of wind from winnowing fan and winnowed by difference of mutual flying trajectories. In the previous study, motion equations were proposed based on the equilibrium of force acting on a single grain blown by the wind. In this study, in order to make clear the flying characteristics of straws, flying simulation of straws in steady two-dimensional laminar flow was performed using motion equations through the numerical analysis of the finite volume method. As a result, good agreements between experimental and simulation results of flying range of straws were shown.

DOI： 10.11357/jsam1937.68.3_46

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業機械学会事務局  

In order to improve the cleaning accuracy, it is necessary to investigate the flying characteristics of grain and MOG (material other than grain), and also necessary to control appropriate wind velocity for cleaning function. Especially, understanding the distribution of wind vectors in the cleaning chamber is important for improving the cleaning. In this study, a fluid dynamics model in a simplified winnower was constructed, and numerical analysis was conducted using finite volume method (FVM) for clarifying the distribution, and attempted to generate visualization of the wind vectors in the simplified model as wind tunnel. In the analysis, the wind was assumed steady two-dimensional laminar flow. The obtained results were compared with results of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and conventional measurement method using anemometer. The validity of this method was clarifyied by the obtained results.

DOI： 10.11357/jsam1937.67.53

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：愛媛ジャーナル  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人情報処理学会  

The integrated pest management (IPM) is widely-used methodology among agri-food industries, but the common problem is that its effectiveness strongly depends on the skills of the operators working in the field. In this study, we propose a system for monitoring the pest population by taking a photo of a trap sheet and recognizing it automatically. Our system is used to collect detailed monitoring data over the fields without requiring the operators' skill and time-consuming work. As experimental data set, sheet images were collected in the real agriculture field, then the image processing engine to recognize the number of trapped pests was tested. The proposed system makes it practical to collect detailed mapping data of pest population in and around the field. The implementation of the system is future work, but our analysis of the manually collected data extracted the valuable information,,such as the local differences in the plant environments and the forecasts of invading pests from outside.

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

To resolve the problem of declination of Japanese agriculture, plant factories with automation, quality control, robotization and speaking plant approach are necessary. The multi operation system described in this paper has running unit with automatic position sensing. Growth environment measurement unit has transpiration, photosynthesis, distance and temperature sensors to obtain plant growth information. The pest control unit uses the antiseptic effect of ozone water. The harvesting unit is used for cucumbers that grow fast; recognition of cucumbers ready to be harvested is achieved through distance information gathered by an attached distance sensors. The development of multi-operation robot is continued by developing controlling program that can change the operating pattern by sharing the contents by each controlling and operating unit.

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The autonomous driving unit using the regression reflective type laser sensor and the laser range sensor has been developed aiming at automation and robotization of various work in the intelligent greenhouse (harvesting and pest control) and plant diagnosis information measurement. Some study cases of on-board equipped system of harvesting, pest control and plant diagnosis information measurement are reported.

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

For establishment and the spread of the intelligent greenhouse which stably enabled farming, the high quality and the stable supply are essential tasks. Moreover, the environmental control and delicate cultivation management are necessary for implementation. Then, we developed the autonomous travelling robot diagnosing plant growth for the tomato cultivation. This robot collects the plant diagnosis information such as the temperature of the leaf and the photosynthesis function with the self-position in the intelligent greenhouse. As a result, this study showed that the growth diagnosing robot was a promising technique for monitoring of the health condition of the tomato crops in the intelligent greenhouse.

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業食料工学会  

DOI： 10.11357/jsam1937.70.supplement_415

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業食料工学会  

DOI： 10.11357/jsam1937.70.supplement_413

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Air temperature in greenhouse is high for tomato plants in summer. It is important to maintain optimum temperature in greenhouse for yield. The cost of whole cooling in greenhouse is so expensive that local temperature control is suggested. Our previous research showed tomato plants with root cooling at 25°C increased yields compared with those with no cooling. The chilled water can be used for root cooling system in greenhouse. The objective of this research was to evaluate the root cooling system using cold water for growing tomato plants in summer. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically in greenhouse. The cooling water flows into PVC pipe which is installed under cultivation bed. Water temperature was maintained at 12°C. Inlet and outlet water in pipe and rockwool temperatures were measured. Our results showed that the rockwool temperature was maintained around 22°C with high air temperature (30°C) using root cooling system.

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Language：Japanese  

The autonomous driving unit using the regression reflective type laser sensor and the laser range sensor has been developed aiming at automation and robotization of various work in the intelligent greenhouse (harvesting and pest control) and plant diagnosis information measurement. Some study cases of on-board equipped system of harvesting, pest control and plant diagnosis information measurement are reported.

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

For establishment and the spread of the intelligent greenhouse which stably enabled farming, the high quality and the stable supply are essential tasks. Moreover, the environmental control and delicate cultivation management are necessary for implementation. Then, we developed the autonomous travelling robot diagnosing plant growth for the tomato cultivation. This robot collects the plant diagnosis information such as the temperature of the leaf and the photosynthesis function with the self-position in the intelligent greenhouse. As a result, this study showed that the growth diagnosing robot was a promising technique for monitoring of the health condition of the tomato crops in the intelligent greenhouse.

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Language：Japanese  

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