Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/02705060.2022.2107579

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Aim Natural disaster risk reduction (DRR) is becoming a more important function of protected area (PAs) for current and future global warming. However, biodiversity conservation and DRR have been handled separately and their interrelationship has not been explicitly addressed. This is mainly because, due of prevailing strategies and criteria for PA placement, a large proportion of PAs are currently located far from human-occupied areas, and habitats in human-occupied areas have been largely ignored as potential sites for conservation despite their high biodiversity. If intensely developed lowland areas with high flooding risk overlap with important sites for biodiversity conservation, it would be reasonable to try to harmonize biodiversity conservation and human development in human-inhabited lowland areas. Here, we examined whether extant PAs can conserve macroinvertebrate and freshwater fish biodiversity and whether human-inhabited lowland flood risk management sites might be suitable to designate as freshwater protected areas (FPAs). Location Across Japan. Methods We examined whether extant PAs can conserve macroinvertebrate and freshwater fish biodiversity and analysed the relationship between candidate sites for new FPAs and flood disaster risk and land use intensity at a national scale across Japan based on distribution data for 131 freshwater fish species and 1395 macroinvertebrate species. Results We found that extant PAs overlapped with approximately 30% of conservation-priority grid cells (1 km(2)) for both taxa. Particularly for red-listed species, only one species of freshwater fish and three species of macroinvertebrate achieved the representation target within extant PAs. Moreover, more than 40% of candidate conservation-priority grid cells were located in flood risk and human-occupied areas for both taxa. Main conclusions Floodplain conservation provides suitable habitat for many freshwater organisms and helps control floodwaters, so establishing new FPAs in areas with high flood risk could be a win-win strategy for conserving freshwater biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem-based DRR (eco-DRR).

DOI： 10.1111/ddi.13517

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Geophysical Union (AGU)  

DOI： 10.1029/2021gb007163

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2021GB007163

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10201-021-00651-5

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3825/ece.20-00028

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.76.6_II_115

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DOI： 10.1002/ecy.3064

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/bes2.1715

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/bes2.1715

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

Similar species that overlap in sympatry may diverge in characters related to resource use as a result of evolution or phenotypic plasticity. Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) and whitespotted charr (S. leucomaenis) overlap along streams in Hokkaido, Japan, and compete by interference for invertebrate drift-foraging positions. Previous research has shown that as drift declines during summer, Dolly Varden shift foraging modes to capture benthic prey, a behaviour facilitated by their subterminal jaw morphology. We compare body and jaw morphology of Dolly Varden in sympatry vs. allopatry in two locations to test for character displacement. Statistical analysis showed significant divergence in characters related to foraging, which was correlated with variation in individual charr diets. Dolly Varden in sympatry had shorter heads and lower jaws than in allopatry, and even within sites charr with these characteristics fed less on drifting terrestrial invertebrates but more on benthic aquatic invertebrates. Those in allopatry had longer heads and lower jaws, and fed more on terrestrial invertebrates. The close proximity of sites in one stream suggests that Dolly Varden may display phenotypic plasticity similar to other charr, allowing rapid responses in morphology to the presence of competitors. These morphological shifts probably help them maintain positive fitness when competing with whitespotted charr in Hokkaido streams.

DOI： 10.1093/biolinnean/blz183

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.75.6_II_143

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3825/ece.22.35

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Conventional morphology-based identification is commonly used for routine assessment of freshwater ecosystems. However, cost and time efficient techniques such as high-throughput sequencing (HTS) based approaches may resolve the constraints encountered in conducting morphology-based surveys. Here, we characterized stream macroinvertebrate species diversity and community composition via metabarcoding and morphological analysis from environmental samples collected from the Shigenobu River Basin in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. We compared diversity metrics and assessed both approaches’ ability to evaluate the relationship between macroinvertebrate community and environmental variables. In total, we morphologically identified 45 taxa (3 families, six subfamilies, 31 genera, and five species) from 8,276 collected individuals from ten study sites. We detected 44 species by metabarcoding, with 35 species collapsed into 11 groups matching the morphologically identified taxa. A significant positive correlation between logged depth (number of HTS reads) and abundance of morphological taxa was observed, which implied that quantitative data could be used for subsequent analyses. We recovered a considerably high rate of relative abundance detection of the morphologically identified samples. Recovery of samples by incidence or presence/absence count were considerably low, with a high rate of false-negative detection specifically for species with scarce representation in the community sample. Given the low taxonomic resolution of the morphological assignment in this study, we report that metabarcoding does not reflect the majority of the species naturally occurring in our site, which could further be proven by performing refined morphological assessment of the samples. However, abundance-based detection proved to be efficient with 92% of the individuals correctly demonstrated. We conclude that DNA metabarcoding provides a practical and cost-effective approach especially for rapid biological monitoring of freshwater macroinvertebrate communities, but further improvements in the detection of scarce samples should be considered to increase the sensitivity of detecting most, if not all, of the species present in the environment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.008

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3825/ece.21.75

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE  

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.aav0486

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

Vertical hydrological connectivity between the surface stream and benthic and hyporheic zones plays a key ecological role in the biodiversity of lotic ecosystems because it allows surface and benthic organisms to use the hyporheic zone as a seasonal habitat and refuge. Use of the hyporheic zone by surface/benthic organisms has been well studied in invertebrates, but little is known about the importance of this connectivity for fishes. We investigated streambed surface and hyporheic densities (5-10, 15-20 and 20-25 cm below the streambed surface) of a stream fish, Cobitis shikokuensis, over a 20-month period in the Shigenobu River, southwestern Japan, to test the hypothesis that it uses the hyporheic zone for spawning and overwintering. In total, 1,804 individuals (13-58 mm total length) were captured from 33 streambed surface samplings and 102 individuals (10-46 mm total length) were present in 1,147 samples of 57 hyporheic samplings. Population densities in both zones peaked in late summer-early autumn due to the recruitment of age 0+ fish and a female with eggs was found in the hyporheic zone during the reproductive season. Both 0+ and older fish were absent from the streambed surface during winter, and fish densities were also lower in the hyporheic zone at this time. However, the vertical distribution of the fish tended to be skewed towards the deeper hyporheic layers from autumn to spring. These findings indicate that C. shikokuensis vertically migrates between the streambed surface and the hyporheic zone for spawning, rearing and overwintering, suggesting that the integrity of vertical hydrological connectivity in lotic systems is crucial for certain fish species.

DOI： 10.1007/s10228-017-0576-5

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.73.II_69

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

&nbsp;We investigated gene flow of 15 aquatic insects (3 of Ephemeroptera species; 12 of Diptera, Chironomidae species) in Shigenobu River (Ehime, Japan) using Next-Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS) system. We collected aquatic insects from 10 sites. Mixed DNAs from each site were extracted from mushed community sample. Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I region in mitochondrial DNA were amplified by COI primer with DNA tag indicating each sampling site and were genotyped using GS FLX system. Comparison of pairwise <i>F</i>sts between flagmented sited and between non-flagmented sited by intermittend interval showed that most spesies were not interrupted by intermittent interval other than <i>Baetis</i> sp. MK-2015d and <i>Chironomus kiiensis</i>. Although Chironomidae was predicted separated genetic structure and low gene flow because of their wing and body size, average pairwise <i>F</i>st supported stronger dispersal than Ephemeroptera. Chironomidae might dispersal by wind passively and could use habitat outside of river such as rice field. The limitations of this study were power of DNA reading by NGS and DNA barcording to identify species name. Because several dominant species were not detected, ideal sample volume must be clarified. In addition, The current DNA database have less information about Japanese aquatic insects. Study species could be expanding by DNA information in the database increased.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.72.III_489

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

With rapid declines in global riverine biodiversity, conservation is needed on a nationwide scale. Since 1990, the National Census on River Environments (NCRE) has collected meaningful data on riverine organisms and environments in Japan. However, there are several issues with using the NCRE database for scientific studies. In this study, we summarised issues related to the NCRE database, and used the 3rd NCRE dataset (2001-2005) to evaluate nationwide trends in species richness and the rarity of fishes (primarily freshwater and diadromous fishes) and taxon richness and the rarity of benthic animals (aquatic insects and shellfishes). First, we summarised data quality (e.g. monitoring sites and season) and data formatting issues (e.g. site name and species name). Second, we mitigated these potential issues as thoroughly as possible and tested the relationships of species (or taxon) richness and rarity with latitude using generalised linear models. We found that species and taxon richness showed different latitudinal distributions between primarily freshwater and diadromous fishes and between aquatic insects and shellfishes. In contrast, rarities showed spatial congruence with species diversity, suggesting that more species and rare species could be conserved in the same regions.

DOI： 10.18960/hozen.21.2_167

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

We investigated gene flow of 15 aquatic insects (3 of Ephemeroptera species; 12 of Diptera, Chirono-midae species) in Shigenobu River (Ehime, Japan). We collected aquatic insects from 10 sites and ex-tracted DNA from mixed samples. Each mixed DNA extracts were genotyped using Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I region in mitochondrial DNA by COI primer with DNA tag indicating each sampling site. Comparison of pairwise Fsts between flagmented sited and between non-flagmented sited showed that most spesies were not interrupted by intermittent interval other than Baetis sp. MK-2015d and Chironomus kiiensis. Although Chironomidae was predicted separated genetic structure and low gene flow because of their wing and body size, average pairwise Fst supported stronger dispersal than Ephemeroptera. Chironomidae might dispersal by wind passively and could use habitat outside of river such as rice field. One limitation of this study was power of DNA barcording to identify species name. The current DNA database have less information about Japanese aquatic insects. Study species could be expanding by DNA information in the database increased.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.71.III_115

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER BASEL AG  

In lotic systems, the hyporheic zone has been suggested as a potential refuge for aquatic organisms during disturbances (hyporheic refuge hypothesis). However, the supporting evidence is unclear, especially regarding the survival of hyporheic refugees and their contribution to the recovery of post-disturbance populations. Moreover, few studies have focused on the importance of the hyporheic refuge for aquatic vertebrates such as fish. In this study, we present evidence that the hyporheic zone acts as a refuge for a small benthic fish (Cobitis shikokuensis) following surface drying in an intermittent river. We examined its survival during and recolonization after dry periods by direct hyporheic sampling and mark-and-recapture surveys. When the streambed dried, hyporheic sampling was conducted 58 times across 33 locations in the intermittent reach and 31 individuals of C. shikokuensis were captured from extracted hyporheic water. Mark-and-recapture surveys revealed that recolonizers after re-wetting included C. shikokuensis individuals that had survived dry periods in the hyporheic refuge. The condition factor of C. shikokuensis significantly declined after dry periods, suggesting that most recolonizers suffered from physiological stress, probably within the hyporheic refuge. These results clearly support the long-debated, hyporheic refuge hypothesis, and provide a striking example of the critical role of the hyporheic zone in population maintenance of lotic organisms.

DOI： 10.1007/s00027-013-0289-4

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A variety of human activities were reported to affect stream ecosystems as multiple stressors. However, few studies have simultaneously evaluated the impacts of anthropogenic factors on stream invertebrates in mountain streams. This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of catchment land use and riparian forest logging on invertebrate scrapers, via altering nutrient concentrations and light condition, in Japanese mountain streams. Field survey was conducted in stream reaches with and without riparian forests in two mountain streams in Ehime Prefecture, of which catchments have different intensities of human land use.&lt;br&gt; Inflow of domestic and agricultural wastewater was found to increase nutrient concentrations (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N and PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-P) in the stream with human land use. Canopy opening was higher in stream reaches without riparian forest than with, owing to the loss of the shading by forest logging. Total density, biomass and taxon richness of scrapers were higher in the stream reaches without riparian forest than with. Decreased canopy shading and associating high productivity of periphyton was suggested to cause these increase. In contrast, the effect of catchment land use via nutrient concentration did not prevail in this study. These results supported the hypothesis that the light condition is a primary limiting factor of in-stream primary productivity in heavily shaded mountain streams. There were not significant difference in periphyton biomass between streams and present/absent of riparian forests, probably caused by strong grazing pressure by abundant scrapers in the stream reaches without riparian forest. We suggest that our multi-factor approach can contribute to gain insight into the impacts of various human activities on stream ecosystems.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.69.74

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER TOKYO  

In headwater streams, conifer plantation forestry may affect stream communities through the quantity and quality of basal resources (allochthonous litter). We compared (1) the seasonal patterns of litter input from the riparian canopy, (2) those for the abundance of benthic and drifting litter in streams, and (3) the density of litter-associated invertebrates among streams bordered by deciduous broadleaved forest, a plantation of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and a clear-cut site, to extract the characteristics of conifer-plantation streams in terms of litter dynamics and benthic invertebrates. The results illustrate differences in litter input and in-stream processes between the broadleaved and plantation sites, although the total annual inputs from canopy were similar. In the broadleaved site, high litter storage was limited to winter, probably because pulsed inputs of litter in autumn were retained on the streambed but rapidly processed. In contrast, litter input was more constant at the plantation site, and litter was stored throughout the year. Although the litter-patch-specific density of total invertebrates was similar between the broadleaved and plantation sites, estimates of the reach-scale, habitat-weighted density considering differences in the coverage area of litter patches revealed considerable differences. Although the habitat-weighted density of total invertebrates was lower at the plantation site than at the broadleaved site in winter, it was noticeably higher at the plantation site in summer, owing to the seasonal stability of benthic litter abundance. Our results emphasized the importance of considering the spatiotemporal availability of benthic litter when assessing the effects of conifer plantations on stream ecosystems.

DOI： 10.1007/s10201-011-0369-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of darn construction on the substrate and stream invertebrate assemblages below dams. Few studies have directly measured both substrate characteristics and stream invertebrate assemblages in stream reaches above and below dams. We measured a range of habitat characteristics and collected samples of stream invertebrates in the reaches above and below a series of water storage dams in three river systems. The invertebrate assemblages in the reaches downstream of the storage darns were significantly different from those in the upstream reaches. The downstream sites were grouped in the domain in which the values for the second axis of the non-metric multidimensional settling (NMS) were high. This difference was associated with changes in the characteristics of the substrate below the dams. Stone embeddedness and the frequency of stone movement were higher in the upstream reaches than in the downstream reaches (two-way ANOVAs). Stone embeddedness and stone movement were also negatively correlated with the NMS axis 2. Our results suggest that the condition of the substrate is an important determinant of the invertebrate assemblages up and downstream of dams. Given this, we believe that it is important to measure substrate characteristics when evaluating the effect of storage dams on stream ecosystems. (C) 2012 International Association for Hydro-environment Engineering and Research, Asia Pacific Division. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jher.2012.01.006

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Other Link： http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157064431200007X

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The construction of erosion control dams and the alteration of riparian forest are known to have strong influences on the density of salmonid fish that dominate in mountain streams. Our objective was to elucidate the indirect effect of the dam construction and riparian alteration on stream invertebrates through the alteration of salmonid fish (&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae&lt;/i&gt;) density. The densities of two dominant invertebrate species, Baetis &lt;i&gt;yoshinensis&lt;/i&gt; and Baetis &lt;i&gt;thermicus&lt;/i&gt;, were low at study sites with high O. &lt;i&gt;masou&lt;/i&gt; density. In conclusion, our study suggested that human activities indirectly affect stream invertebrates via changing fish abundance in mountain streams.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejhe.68.I_691

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We conducted a field survey in 8 tributaries of the Shigenobu River to elucidate the influence of catchment land use on fish and invertebrate assemblages and feeding habit of fish. Fish and invertebrate assemblages were dominated by high-temperature and pollution tolerant taxa in agricultural streams. Dominant omnivorous fish, &lt;i&gt;Phoxinus oxycephalus jouyi&lt;/i&gt;, selectively fed on periphyton in agricultural streams while it utilized various food items in forest streams. We concluded that changes in water temperature and nutrient concentration would generate synchronous changes in community structures of fish and invertebrates and, moreover, fish feeding, along the forest-agricultural gradient.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejhe.68.I_697

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

1. The light : nutrient hypothesis (LNH) proposes that herbivore growth rates are maximised at intermediate light-to-nutrient ratios. A reduction to light intensity (i.e. decreased light-to-nutrient ratio) should lead to reduced food availability for herbivores while excessive light intensity in oligotrophic environments (i.e. increased light-to-nutrient ratios) should increase the C : N and C : P ratios of producers. However, this hypothesis has not yet been supported by studies on stream ecosystems.
2. We tested the LNH by experimental application of controlled natural gradients in light intensity to oligotrophic laboratory channels that included periphyton and the freshwater snail Gyraulus chinensis.
3. The results in this oligotrophic environment indicate that light regulated the flow of matter between trophic levels and grazer reproduction by controlling C : P ratios of the producers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02653.x

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study aimed to demonstrate recent invasion status and low-flow resistance of two exotic invertebrates, Pyasa acuta and Crangonyx floridanus, in Shigenobu River, Ehime, Japan. Six years of longitudinal survey revealed that density of these two invasive species were high in the middle and lower segments of the mainstem, in which stream habitats were degraded. Furthermore, the distribution of Crangonyx floridanus appeared to expand toward upstream along the river. A short-term survey during a descending flow showed that Crangonyx floridanus decreased along with other major invertebrate taxa. In contrast, relative abundance of Pyasa acuta increased as flow decreased, indicating that this invasive species has relatively high resistance to low flow. Thus, low flow was suggested to facilitate the invasion of Pyasa acuta.

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.67.II_29

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER TOKYO  

We examined habitat factors related to the distribution and abundance of the spinous loach Cobitis shikokuensis, an endangered benthic fish, in the Shigenobu River system, southwestern Japan. In the study river, the spinous loach was distributed widely along the main stem, from headwater to near the mouth, whereas it was rarely found in tributary streams. Classification tree analysis showed that the presence/absence of spinous loach was explained by a combination of percent pebble and length of river fragment between artificial barriers. Spinous loach incidence was high in sites with abundant pebble (&gt; 27.7%), but low in sites with short river fragment (a parts per thousand currency sign0.97 km) even if pebbles were abundant. A regression tree model for loach density retained only percent pebble as a single best predictor, with sites with higher percent pebble (&gt; 40.4%) having higher density. These results suggest that substrate condition is an important factor determining the distribution and abundance of spinous loach and also that habitat fragmentation by artificial barriers has great potential to threaten the spinous loach population in this river. Considering the highly fragmented situation of the study river and prevention of upstream migration by barriers, we conclude that maintenance of suitable habitats in upper reaches has high priority for conservation of the spinous loach.

DOI： 10.1007/s10228-011-0208-4

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Many studies have shown that the riparian forest suppresses the light intensity, primary productivity and the abundance of stream invertebrates by canopy shading in headwater streams. However, most studies were conducted at the stream-reach scale, whereas the light intensity seems to vary at smaller scales. We conducted a field survey to reveal the spatial pattern in the light intensity at consecutive riffles and the response of stream scraper assemblages to the light gradient, in a Japanese headwater stream. Canopy opening varied considerably (4-38%) throughout the study segment. Some survey points located in stream reaches without riparian forest showed greater degree of canopy opening. Difference in the abundance and species composition of canopy trees and understories may be responsible for generating the variation in the canopy opening. Analyses using a generalized linear model revealed that canopy opening significantly and predominantly explained the variance in density, biomass and taxon richness of stream scrapers. These invertebrate parameters were high at survey points with greater degree of canopy opening. The density and the biomass of many dominant scraper species also increased with canopy opening. These results imply that the quantity and the diversity of scrapers responded to the light gradient at the spatial scale smaller than the stream-reach. We suggest that the variation in the light intensity at a small spatial scale, which might have been even treated as an error, is an important determinant of the spatial distribution of stream scraper assemblages in headwater streams.

DOI： 10.3825/ece.13.113

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Low flow is suggested to have strong influences on lotic organisms by contracting habitat area and by altering habitat quality. In this study, we compared temporal changes in fish, invertebrates and periphyton assemblages between an isolated pool within an intermittent reach and a perennial pool, in order to elucidate the influence of low flow on lotic community. Additionally, we investigated feeding habit of fish to reveal food web effects induced by low flow. We showed that distinctive community was established in the isolated pool compared with the perennial pool. Low flow particularly altered the density, biomass and feeding habits of fish, suggesting that the effect of low flow was strongest for the top consumer.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Flow fluctuation is an important factor determining the characteristic of the stream ecosystem. In this study, we investigated stream fish, invertebrates and their habitat characteristics before and after a spate, in order to reveal the dynamics of lotic animal community in intermittent reach. Fish and invertebrates were observed after rewetting by the spate in the intermittent reach, Fish community established within the intermittent reach were suggested to have colonized from the downstream perennial reach. However, both fish and invertebrates are finally killed by drying up with the decreasing flow in the intermittent reach. We concluded that flow fluctuation induced drastic temporal change in stream animal assemblages.

DOI： 10.2208/proer.36.445

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Relationships between weight (W; dry weight) and length (L; head capsule width, total body length (L; head carapace length) were examined in 31 Japanese freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa, using the form W = aL(b). The relationships were expressed as data of the lowest taxonomic level and data of higher taxonomic levels. The length-weight relationships obtained in this study were similar to those obtained in North America and Europe at the lowest taxonomic level, whereas they could be different from those obtained in North America and Europe at the higher taxonomic levels. We suggest that researchers should make their own regressions for a target taxon or use the regression for the same taxon as possible lower taxonomic level in the local area.

DOI： 10.1007/s10201-008-0238-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Diatomology  

Diatoms from Ishite Stream near the Komenono Forest Research Center of Ehime University in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, were studied. Samples were collected from the surface of pebbles and a cobble on 14 November 2003 and 22 November 2005. Based on light microscopy of cleaned diatom frustules, we identified a total of 99 diatom taxa belonging to 39 genera. A checklist including nine unidentified taxa is provided herein, along with light micrographs. <I>Achnanthes minutissima</I> var. <I>robusta</I> Hust. is raised to species level with its transfer to the genus <I>Achnanthidium</I>, i. e., as <I>Achnanthidium</I> robustum (Hust. ) Ohtsuka comb. nov. et stat. nov. <I>Synedra ramesi</I> H&eacute;rib. is transferred to a morphologically more suitable genus, as <I>Ulnaria ramesi</I> (H&eacute;rib. ) Ohtsuka comb. nov. Many taxa that have never or rarely been reported from Japanese rivers are noted here. A review of light micrographs in past literature, however, reveals that most of these taxa have in fact been known to occur in Japanese rivers, but have been either unidentified or identified as other taxa heretofore.

DOI： 10.11464/diatom1985.23.0_29

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Droughts often intercept the longitudinal continuity of lotic habitat and are suggested to affect the stream and river ecosystems. In this study, we conducted a field survey on the stream environment and invertebrates in Shigenobu River, Ehime prefecture, in order to elucidate the impacts of human-induced droughts on the longitudinal distribution of stream invertebrates. Obvious influence of droughts on the stream invertebrates was not observed, while there was influence of droughts on the water quality at the downstream stretch. In contrast, water quality had a strong influence on the longitudinal distribution of invertebrates. These results imply that a drought affects stream invertebrates via altering water quality at the downstream.

DOI： 10.2208/proer.34.47

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Fragmentation of lotic habitat by a drought is assumed to intercept the longitudinal movement of organisms and alter the community structure of them. In this study, we compared the community structure of freshwater animals between upstream and downstream of intermittent reach caused by human activities, in order to reveal the impacts of drought on spatial distribution of stream fish and invertebrates. Obvious influence of droughts was not observed for the community structure of fish and invertebrates. In contrast, spatial distribution of some dominant invertebrate taxa was seemed to be altered by droughts. However, there remains a possibility that strong effects of physicochemical habitat condition on invertebrates were more important than influence of a drought.Fragmentation of lotic habitat by a drought is assumed to intercept the longitudinal movement of organisms and alter the community structure of them. In this study, we compared the community structure of freshwater animals between upstream and downstream of intermittent reach caused by human activities, in order to reveal the impacts of drought on spatial distribution of stream fish and invertebrates. Obvious influence of droughts was not observed for the community structure of fish and invertebrates. In contrast, spatial distribution of some dominant invertebrate taxa was seemed to be altered by droughts. However, there remains a possibility that strong effects of physicochemical habitat condition on invertebrates were more important than influence of a drought.

DOI： 10.2208/proer.34.57

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Ehime University  

We conducted a field survey in Hida River basin in Gifu prefecture on September, 2004, to reveal the impacts of storage dams on stream invertebrate assemblage and the mediation of the impacts by the confluence of tributaries. Study sites were established in upstream and downstream reaches of 4 storage dams, in 4 tributaries that confluent downstream of each dam, and in downstream of each confluence. The water depth and the value of the DCA axis 1, which indicates community structure of stream invertebrates, were lower, and the standing crop of particulate organic matter was higher in the downstream of the dams. However, these values in the downstream of confluence were similar to those in upstream of dams and in tributaries, implying that the impacts of storage dams were mitigated by the confluence of tributaries. We suggest that the confluence of tributary in downstream of dam mitigates the changes in the flow regime and the deposition of the organic matter caused by storage dams.

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本陸水学会  

DOI： 10.14903/jslim.71.0.119.0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Concrete revetment is widely applied in flood control to protect stream banks from a scouring. However, the utilization of concrete substrates by stream invertebrates is largely unknown to the present. In this study, we conducted a field survey on the physical habitat environment and community structure of stream invertebrates on concrete, stone and bedrock substrates, in order to characterize concrete substrate relative to natural substrates. Current velocity was lower on stone substrate than on concrete or bedrock, probably because of high roughness of stone substrate. Density of stream invertebrates was the highest on concrete substrate, while the evenness, one element of diversity, was lower on concrete and bedrock than on stone. In addition, the ordination using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) revealed that the community structure of stream invertebrates on concrete was different from that on stone and can be characteristics by high density of Baetiella japonica, with bedrock showing intermediate characteristics between concrete and stone. Thus, stream invertebrate assemblage established on concrete substrate appeared to be distinct from those of natural substrates, possibly owing to low habitat complexity. High density, low taxon richness and low evenness of stream invertebrates were observed at the habitat with high current velocity. The value of NMS axis 2, which positively and strongly correlated with the density of Baetiella japonica, increased as the current velocity increased. Distinctive community structure, characterized by high density and low evenness, observed on concrete substrate would thus be caused by high current velocity and habitat preference of Baetiella japonica. Consequently, we suggest that concrete revetment modifies the community structure of stream invertebrates by simplifying and altering physical habitat environment, at the habitat patch scale examined in this study. Our findings could contribute to better understanding of the influences of flood control structures on stream invertebrates and, furthermore, provide basic information needed to the stream management and restoration. © 2006, Ecology and Civil Engineering Society. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.3825/ece.9.141

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

We examined food selectivity on microalgae by aquatic insects in Hiji Steram, Ehime, whose main water source is a eutrophic reservoir, from July to August 2004. Abundance and composition of planktonic and epilithic algae, those of aquatic insects and their gut content were determined, followed by estimation of food selectivity using Chesson&#039;s alpha index. One of the dominant species in aquatic insects was the filter feeder &lt;I&gt; Cheumatopsyche &lt;/I&gt; spp. (Hydropsychidae) during the study period. For phytoplankton, &lt;I&gt; Coelastrum &lt;/I&gt; (Chlorophyceae) and &lt;I&gt; Microcystis &lt;/I&gt; spp. (Cyanophyceae) were dominant throughout the study period and in August, respectively. Food selectivity of the insect on &lt;I&gt; Coelastrum &lt;/I&gt; was negative, suggesting inedibility of &lt;I&gt; Coelastrum &lt;/I&gt; for the insect. Positive food selectivity was detected for &lt;I&gt; Microcystis &lt;/I&gt; in July, but, in August, the insect showed negative selectivity on &lt;I&gt; Microcystis &lt;/I&gt;. In August, there were positive food selectivities on &lt;I&gt; Pediastrum &lt;/I&gt; (Chlorophyceae) and &lt;I&gt; Synedra &lt;/I&gt; (Bacillariophyceae), both of which were less dominant at the upper station. Thus, &lt;I&gt; Microcystis &lt;/I&gt; is edible but not preferable prey for the insect. These results suggest that &lt;I&gt; Cheumatopsyche &lt;/I&gt; spp. graze on &lt;I&gt; Microcystis &lt;/I&gt; when there is no other edible prey available, and that the insect show selective grazing on some eukaryotic microalgae such as &lt;I&gt; Pediastrum &lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt; Synedra &lt;/I&gt;.

DOI： 10.14903/jslim.2005.0.6.0

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Ecological Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.18960/seitai.55.2_377

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS  

We conducted a field experiment to reveal the effects of frequent streambed disturbance on the diversity of stream invertebrates in a local habitat patch in a Japanese stream. We used wire mesh baskets as experimental substrata and manipulated five levels of disturbance frequency (every 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 days) in order to describe the pattern of the diversity of the stream invertebrates under different disturbance frequency and to explore possible factors generating the pattern. The total abundance and taxon richness recovered during 8-day and 2-day periods between each experimental disturbance, respectively, indicating that the stream invertebrates were highly resilient to disturbance due to their high mobility. The evenness of the invertebrate community was high in streambed patches with frequent disturbance. Patterns of the absolute abundance among the different disturbance frequency treatments differed substantially among nine common taxa. The absolute abundance of the most common taxon, Chironominae, was low in streambed patches where the disturbance frequency was high and intermediate, suggesting their low colonizing ability owing to their low mobility, compared with other common taxa. These results suggested that the diversity, in terms of evenness, of stream invertebrates in a local habitat patch is maintained by frequent streambed disturbance when the most common taxon has low colonizing ability. Our study demonstrated that differences in colonizing ability, caused by different mobilities, among community members may have a prominent importance when investigating the relationships between disturbance frequency and the diversity of organisms that have high mobility and actively colonize an opened patch.

DOI： 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0162-0465

Web of Science

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

A field experiment was conducted using ceramic plates as experimental substrates to describe the colonizing pattern of a stream invertebrate community after disturbance, and to ascertain the importance of colonizing ability for succession in a Japanese stream. We employed the simultaneous removal design in which plates were periodically set in place (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days before sampling) and all plates were sampled on the last day of the experiment, to diminish the influence of seasonal change in stream invertebrates. Total abundance and taxon richness reached a plateau after 4-16 days of colonization. In contrast, the relative abundance of six common taxa and community structure changed throughout the 32 days of colonization. Differences in the colonizing ability of the stream invertebrates were evident. Taxa with high mobility, such as the mayflies Baetis thermicus, Paraleptophlebia japonica, Cinygmula sp. and Drunella sachalinensis, colonized faster than those with low mobility ( e. g. the caddisfly species Brachycentrus americanus and the chironomid midge Diamesinae spp.). The abundance of the most common taxon, Baetis, decreased at late stages of colonization, possibly because of low periphyton biomass. Consequently, we concluded that a difference in colonization ability among taxa is an important factor causing succession in stream invertebrate communities in local habitats.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00573.x

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

1. The effects of substratum stability on the diversity of stream invertebrates were assessed at two spatial scales in a Japanese stream during baseflow, from May to June 1998. Deposition and erosion were examined separately as distinct elements of substratum stability by a newly developed method using small steel pins. Stream invertebrates were sampled after 28 days of measurement of substratum stability. We also measured physical environmental variables, current velocity and depth, and food resource parameters including periphyton and particulate organic matter (POM) standing crops.
2. At the scale of the habitat patch, the effects of substratum stability on invertebrates were overwhelmed by those of POM standing crop. Moreover, higher taxon richness at high abundance may simply result from a higher likelihood of more taxa being included in samples. Therefore, this small scale revealed no role for substratum stability in explaining spatial pattern of community diversity.
3. At the reach scale (n = 10), taxon richness and evenness peaked at an intermediate level of deposition, whereas invertebrate abundance did not show any significant relationship. This result, and the pattern of relative abundance of common taxa, implies that the diversity of stream invertebrates was determined by subtle substratum movements and by the habitat preference of each taxon.
4. The difference in the determinant of community parameters between the habitat patch and the reach affirm the importance of a cross-scale analysis to choose an appropriate spatial scale for investigating the community structure of stream invertebrates. Prominent effects of substratum stability, particularly the deposition of substratum particles, during baseflow suggest that subtle and constant movement of small substratum particles can contribute to determine the diversity of stream invertebrates.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00798.x

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Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD  

When evaluating forest functions and their responses to climate change, it is important to clarify carbon dynamics in forested basins. Carbon fluxes in litter fall, throughfall, soil solution, groundwater and stream water were determined from November 1997 to October 1998 for a forest stream ecosystem in a cool-temperate forested basin in the Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, northern Japan. The annual carbon input to the stream by litter fall was 0(.)23 gC m(-2) year(-1), with the greatest flux in the autumn. Owing to biological decomposition of litter in the stream, the carbon concentration in stream particulate organic matter (&gt;0(.)45 mum) decreased as particle size decreased. The upstream carbon flux was 1(.)9 gC m(-1) year(-1), and the annual carbon output in stream water was 7(.)6 gC m(-2) year(-1), mainly as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), resulting in net carbon output in stream water of 5(.)7 gC m(-2) year(-1). The mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution was higher than that in throughfall and stream water. The estimated annual carbon flux from soil in deep (about 1(.)5 m) soil solution was 4(.)4 gC m(-1) year(-1). About 40% of DOC in soil solution was decomposed and converted to DIC in groundwater. These results indicate that carbon dynamics in the forest stream were affected strongly by decomposition of organic matter in the soil-groundwater-stream continuum and by the hydraulic conditions, which are characterized by a large pool of groundwater and high soil permeability. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/hyp.241

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ICHTHYOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

Spawning redd superimposition of introduced spring-spawning rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, on native, fall-spawning Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, and white-spotted charr, S. leucomaenis, were examined in a small stream in Hokkaido, Japan. The stream reaches in which Dolly Varden and white-spotted charr redds were observed in fall 1997 greatly overlapped with the reaches in which rainbow trout redds were recorded in spring 1998. Spawning microhabitats were also similar between trout and the two charr species. Thirteen and 3% of Dolly Varden and white-spotted charr redds, respectively, were superimposed by rainbow trout redds. The eggs or alevins in the disturbed charr redds were potentially damaged because charrs were not likely to have emerged from the redds before the superimposition occurred. In sufficiently great abundance, introduced rainbow trout may negatively impact native charr populations by dislodging the latter's spawning redds.

DOI： 10.1007/BF02684235

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Hokkaido University  

CiNii Books

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Total pages：218   Responsible for pages：108-109   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Total pages：380   Responsible for pages：23-47   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Venue：愛媛県立歴史文化博物館（西予市）  

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Venue：東京都北区（東洋大学赤羽台キャンパス）  

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Venue：早稲田大学  

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Venue：愛媛大学  

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