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Grant amount：\3400000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 ）

A purpose of this study is to grasp the actual situation that paid the attention to the movement and interchange of communal living fishery group, and is to clarify the characteristic. In upsizing of a fishing boat, advancement of a voyage / fishery machinery, a high horsepower of an engine, I examined the life actual situation of the fishing boat crew who fished a bonito while moving Pacific sea area greatly based on a life history method. A main field is Okinawa, Kagoshima, Ehime, Kochi, Shizuoka.
The life history of the bonito fishing boat crew by an interview was collected and a related life document was secured. In addition, the basic documents / historical materials of a community were collected and arranged it.
From comparison with a dried bonito manufacturer and the tuna fishing boat crew, the actual situation of the bonito fishing boat crew interchanging with movement was more definitely grasped.
Knowledge provided in this study is as follows. (1) As for the fishery labor that was productive situation of life structure at sea, the characteristics became clear. An action of the bonito fishing boat crew was regulated well by a rule and custom of labor. Because movement of sea area spreads, a period of the operation was prolonged, and reinforcement of labor becomes in particular remarkable. (2) The subsidiarity to fishery labor was high in the food, clothing and shelter which are situation of consumption of life structure at sea. In addition, an inventive idea of life was seen to raise entertainment by prolongation of a voyage. (3)About the bonito fishing boat crew in such a situation bottom, the interchange with a family, interchange with local people was able to sketch what was developed materially mentally in the case of return to a port to the home or a port to the supplying ground. This point could show a merit of qualitative investigation enough and was able to inspect the propriety of investigation technique, too.

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Grant amount：\3400000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 ）

The purpose of research is to investigate the internationalization of workers from the socio-cultural viewpoint. This research is the case study of skipjack tuna fishing in the Okinawa and Kochi, Mie, Shizuoka Prefecture. The method of the research is fieldwork based on the participant observation and the interview. The point of the research result is as follows.
1. The characteristic of fishing work is critical and irregular, freely, dangerous. 2. From the feature of the manning mixed boat, the acculturation came into existence among the Japanese and Solomon islanders fishermen. 3. The Communication and relation of fishermen at the boat is complicated by the manning mixed boat. 4. OJT is the method of the fishing development in terms of manpower. 5. The grasp of communication at the boat is essential to examine the OJT.

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Grant amount：\3100000 （ Direct Cost: \3100000 ）

There are two purposes to this research. One is to follow up the career of a miner, who has become unemployed as a result of the energy revolution, which happened in the 1960's. The other is to study how this effects the miners and their families. We used both statistical and case study (life history) methods for this research.
First, we sorted the subjects into two groups, those who moved away and those who remained.
Next, we specified the changes that occurred within the former community of miners to study the peculiarities of the group that remained.
Our results indicate that most of the basis of life was lost as a result of the collapse of the coal mining industry, which has left emotional and economical scars within the community for the past 30 years.
Regarding those who moved away, although these people endured economic hardships after the move, it seems they have enjoyed a comparatively stable retirement, based on their income and lifestyle. On the contrary, the group that remained has been economically unstable. Comparing the two groups from their personal relationships, the group that moved away has lead a solitary life and lived alone for over 30 year, while the group that remained has maintained the same network of mutual aids as the former community of miners.

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant amount：\3700000 （ Direct Cost: \3700000 ）

The summary of this research project is as follows.
1.This research presents the idea of the life structure at the sea in order to analyze the life of fishermen at sea sociologically and to prove that the participant observation method and the personal life history method are effective to develop the research demonstratively.
2.This research is the area study of the Okinawa Prefecture and the Kagoshima prefecture, Solomon Islands of the south Pacific. Solomon Taiyo Ltd.is the joint venture established between Solomon Islands Goverment and the Japanese fishing company.
The point of the research is threefold :
(1) to explores the present situation of the community and the bonito fishing, based on the statistical date and historical records.
(2) to outlines the historical development of bonito fishing and anlyze its characteristics, making use of the historical records and interviewing date
(3) to summarize the life structure of bonito fisherman at the sea and charify its properties in the Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefecture

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Grant amount：\2400000 （ Direct Cost: \2400000 ）

This study makes use of the statistical data of the "Personal Life History" documents describing the transfer (of works) of the coal-mining industry workers' as a method of studying integratedly these workers' working and living conditions and/or environments. The object of the study is the uncmployed and de-cmployed (transferred) mass arisen as a result of the energy revolution in 1960 decade. The aim of this research is to analyze the livelihood problems stemming from work displacement of coal-mining workers occurred in the beginning of the rapid economic growth period, through a careful examination of these workers' and their families' livelihood after work displacement.
This means, while basically based on the common, hard-to-change understanding these "personal life history" as introduced and described in text books, the spotlight would also concentrate on a more personal approach, as well as a more individual role, in which one is playing his/her own role as an independent person. in order that a more general understanding of the whole society can be assuredly reached.
Hence, just for introduction hereto, the result after examination is date on those personal life history, which can be summarized as follows :
1. Though assumed that an individual in his movement/displacement/social mobility be able to adapt to social/environment (socio-environment) changes, through their revelations of their past, an image of a very complicatedly entwined personal networks always crosses through one's mind.
2. Generally speaking. there are two groups : one move-away and the other stay-behind. In either group, one, with all of his/her personal relations with his/her own family or society, strives to live with his/her own way of living : however. the move-away group show their constraints. difficulties and puzzlement when leaving their own (coal-mining) social environment to meet the challenges of new values, new social environment. In the long run, they applied a new, urbanized way of life in which co-working leads to income stabilization.
3. The stay-behind group makes every efforts to maintain their former relationship (personal networks) : hence, in a sense, an inclination of respecting the traditional life-style can be observed, especially the "family" life-style (co-habitation of parents and their children) still exists.
This study, at first assumed to expand in a period of three years ; however, due to various circumstances, was at last slashed down to two years. Those "Personal Life History" documents will really become a source of date for a future study.

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Grant amount：\34000000 （ Direct Cost: \34000000 ）

Distance learning is one of the most promising methods to provide higher education with people in the world. Since 1989, the National Institute of Multimedia Education (NIME) has been conducted a series of comparative studies on universities using distance education modes in the Asian and the Pacific regions. For the first year of the research, NIME conducted field work study of the open universities in Thailand and Indonesia in 1989. Followed by this project, NIME conducted a research on distance higher education in Pakistan and India in 1990. For 1991, NIME implements similar research on the University of the South Pacific (USP).
For the distance education, local study centers such as Regional Centers play important roles to enhance students learning. Despite the importance of the study centers, we have known only a little about their actual functions and operations. Nor do we know much about differences in study centers systems in different countries. This research focuses on their role and function. By interviewing teaching and administrative staff of the Regional Centers and comparing different study centre systems, we examined functions and operations of study centers and their influences on the local societies where they are located. This research also focused on impacts of the distance higher education on socio-economic development of the Asian and Pacific countries and also on the trends of social mobility. Through interviews with students and graduates of distance higher education institutions, government staff responsible for socio-economic development, executives of local businesses, and people in Asian and pacific people studying or working in foreign countries, we explored how the distance learning program socio-economically affects their societies.

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Grant amount：\3000000 （ Direct Cost: \3000000 ）

The Japanese economy has entered the field of internationalization and the service industry from the autumn of 1986 sparked by the rapid increase of the value of the yen. Bacause of political policies the economic balance of the structure of inductries as it has existed to this date had to be retionalized bacause of the deterioating situation of industries like steel,shipbuilding,textile,coal etc. It is therefore expected that some industries will have to be limitied and so will employment. The aim of this research work is to show the livelihood problems after work displacement of coal mining workers brought about in the beging of the rapid economic growth peried. The method of this research work is to catch the realities of displaced miningworkers who are forced to spread to other fields. It is very important theme to do this work from the standpoint of the workers livelihood situation because of the change in the inductrial structure which is accomanied by worker displace-ment and employment anxiety. We learned the deteriorating reality of the coal mining industry and the statistical data of the transfer of workers. According to this research work we found the following. 1)The relations of annual turnover of workers and their ages. 2)The process of reemployment in other industries. 3)The relation of the former type of work and his adjustment to his new job and life. In addition to the reserch done at the actual mining site we also conducted further reserch in Kansai area Chubu area where the workers spread out. Twenty years has passed and the difficulty arises because of the ageing of the workers but we still contiunuing with this work so at this present time we cannot give afinal conclusion.

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant type：Competitive

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